Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Glass
Prepared By:
Afshan Hussain
INTRODUCTION
Contents of Glass:
– Silica
– Potash or Soda
– Chalk [lime].
In order to improve certain properties of glass
other constituents like lead oxide, manganese
dioxide, coloring substances etc may also be
added while manufacturing glass.
COMPOSITION OF GLASS
PROPERTIES
Available in clean and clear state
It is cheap
Easily fusible at comparatively low temperature
USES
In the manufacture of glass tubes and other laboratory
apparatus, plate glass, window glass etc.
POTASH LIME GLASS
Also known as bohemian glass or hard glass. Its
mainly a mixture of potassium silicate and calcium
silicate.
PROPERTIES
Fuses at high temperature
Not easily affected by water and other solvents
Does not melt so easily
USES
Used in manufacture of glass articles which have to
with stand temperature such as combustion tubes etc.
POTASH LEAD GLASS
Also known as flint glass. Mainly a mixture of
potassium silicate and lead silicate.
PROPERTIES
Fuses very easily
Easily attacked by aqueous solution
Turns black and opaque if it comes in contact with
reducing gases of the furnace during heating
USES
In manufacture of artificial gems, electric bulbs,
lenses, prisms etc.
COMMON GLASS
Also known as bottle glass. Prepared from cheap raw
materials. Mainly a mixture of sodium silicate, calcium
silicate and iron silicate.
PROPERTIES
Fuses with difficulty
Brown, green or yellow in color
Easily attacked by acids
USES
Used in manufacture of medicine bottles.
DIFFERENT USES OF GLASS
Windows
Containers – bottles and jars
Laboratory glass wart
Cooking utensils
Light bulbs
TV tubes
Optical instruments
Glass fiber
Wash basins
Furniture glass etc…
VARIOUS TREATMENT OF GLASS
Bending
Cutting
Opaque making
Silvering
BENDING