Battlefield

Contamination
Jane Marianne Brillantes
Jon Maynard P. Pastoril
 What is it?
• It is the pollution of an area of conflict
after warfare

"In war, truth is the first casualty" -Aeschylus

 What is it?
• The Information Age has recreated
warfare.
• History has continuously reinvented
power struggles

"Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an

end to mankind." -John F. Kennedy
 A Short History
• 400 B.C. – Spartan
Greeks used sulfur
fumes against
opponents
• 9th Century – the
discovery of
gunpowder

"So long as there are men, there will be

wars." -Albert Einstein
 A Short History
• 1763 – Pontiac’s
Rebellion involved
smallpox-infected
blankets and catapulting
corpses
• 1860 – Alfred Nobel
discovers the best
method to manufacture
nitroglycerine

"War is delightful to those who have not yet

experienced it." -Erasmus
 A Short History
• 1893 – The First Matabele War used the Maxim
Gun
• 1914 – World War I characterized with the usage
of poison gas

"All that is necessary for evil to succeed is for

good men to do nothing." -Edmund Burke
 A Short History
• 1939 – World War II begins. Nerve gases are
invented.
• 1945 – The destruction of Hiroshima with the “Little
Boy”

"Cost of a single B-2 Bomber: $2.2 Billion"

Modern Warfare
• With recent technological advances,
what will the next war be like?

"I know not with what weapons World War III

will be fought, but World War IV will be fought
with sticks and stones." -Albert Einstein
 Modern Warfare
• 1961 – using Agent Orange as an ecocide in
the Vietnam War
• 1995 – Tokyo subway attack with sarin gas
by Japanese cult
• 2001 – Anthrax attack in the United States
• 2006 – Cluster bombing of Lebanon in Israel-
Lebanon Conflict
"Older men declare war. But it is the youth that must fight and die." -Herbert
Hoover
 Nuclear Warfare
• Nuclear Weapons – the “Little Boy” was
a joke.
• The ICBM – the Intercontinental Ballistic
Missile can cause severe damage in
multiple areas
• Aside from total destruction, it leaves
behind nuclear fallout
"They'll be no learning period with nuclear weapons. Make one
mistake and you're going to destroy nations." -Robert McNamara
Minuteman III

"In war, you win or lose, live or die - and the difference is just an
eyelash." -General Douglas MacArthur
 Efforts Against Nuclear
Warfare
• US: the President and the Secretary of
Defense is required before a nuclear
missile can be used
• 1996: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
• Nuclear Weapon Free Zones
• SALT and START treaties for US and
Soviet Union
"The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood
of patriots and tyrants." -Thomas Jefferson
 Cluster Bombing
• Subdividing bombs with varying functions
• Primarily used to destroy larger areas or
make them unusable
• Infamous when used during the Cluster
Bombing of Nis, 1999.

"A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but
an idea lives on." -John F. Kennedy
Cluster Bombing
"Cluster bombing from B-
52s are very, very,
accurate. The bombs are
guaranteed to always hit the
ground." -USAF Ammo
Troop
Cluster Bombing
• Show the video.
Efforts Against Cluster
Bombing
• Norway has imposed a ban against it
• The recent May 2008 discussions led
various countries to prohibit cluster
bomb usage
• US and Germany have ongoing
discussions in cluster bomb usage

"The world will not accept dictatorship or domination."

-Mikhail Gorbachev
 Biological and Chemical
Weapons
• Popularized in World Wars
• Examples are Tabun, Mustard Gas, and
Chlorine Gas
• More dangerous because some
necessary materials are available to
civilian market

"Heroes may not be braver than anyone else. They're just

brave five minutes longer." -Ronald Reagan
 Biological and Chemical
Weapons: Events Used
• 1946: Jewish group released poison in
a prison facility for captured German
soldiers
• 1991: Iraq possessed concentrated
botulinum toxin, with more than enough
load to kill every single human being by
inhalation
"We sleep safely in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to
visit violence on those who would harm us." -George Orwell
 Biological and Chemical
Weapons: Events Used
• 1995: Sarin gas
attack in Tokyo
Subway Station
• 2001: US anthrax
attack

"The real and lasting victories are those of peace, and not of war."
-Ralph Waldo Emmerson
 Efforts Against Biological and
Chemical Warfare
• Various international laws: the Geneva
Protocol, Washington Arms Conference
Treaty, Hague Conference, etc.
• Still questionable

"We're in a world in which the possiblity of terrorism, married up with

technology, could make us very, very sorry we didn't act." -Condoleeza Rice
 Depleted Uranium

"All warfare is based on deception." -Sun Tzu

Battlefield Contamination
• Show the Iraq-Lebanon Post War Video
References
• http://technorati.com/videos/youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DB
6D6oKY4BCg
• http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/documents/biowpns.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/
• http://www.ratical.org/radiation/dhap/
• Call of Duty 4 © Modern Warfare