RAKIB AHMED

115

Economic participation was marginalized Women are not provided complete control over production Women are not being to play controlling role Women are pushed into problematic situation Women have to do both domestic & income earning work

A steady upward of women economic participation

The economic participation has been increased The potential of women's economic contribution is now well recognized Improvement of their living condition Bargaining positions in the households and wider community women's labor in economic activities saves expenditure for the

household

10%

90%

Contd..

42% 58%

Contd..

Near Market (30%) Others (28%)

Native Place (42%) Contd..

60%

40%

Male middlemen supplier Physical stature Cheating of male partner Poor condition Lack of knowledge & self confidence

Debt taken from money lenders

Sexual harassment Lack of legal knowledge Inadequacy of capital Price of product is low Lack of management & production skill

Society cannot afford to waste half of its human

resources Women can increase income of the family There are a vast of women are unemployed There are a lot of resource yet unusable Women can be a part of economic development

Entrepreneurial Activities Of Women Entrepreneur

Self Employed Enterprise Ownership Manufacturing Family Trade Agricultural Activities

Sub Contracting
Partner in business / Share holders / Director in family business Traders, Contractors, Order suppliers & Business executives Medium & Large industry owners Women as exporters Non firm activities Innovative product & new areas

Due to poverty Economic solvency Raise the living standard

Establish rights in the family & society

Contribute towards the progress of the society and the nation

Traditional Non-tradition

Household or Family Trade

Labor intensive Export oriented Industries with modem technology

According to sex based..

Occupation National occupation al employment (%) Share of Male employment at total employment (%) Share of Female employment at total employment (%)

Technical

3.3%

3.5

3.0

Administrative
Clerical Sales Services Agriculture Production Total

0.4%
2.2 11.3 3.5 63.8 15.5 100

0.6
3.2 16.8 2.4 54.6 18.9 100

00
0.6 2.2 5.4 78.8 10.0 100

Contd

According to locality..

Employment Status

Bangladesh (%) Both Sex 32.2 0.3 11.9 37.7 Male Female Both Sex 36.7 0.8 34.6 15.4

Urban (%) Male Femal e 15.4 0.1 35.4 42.9 Both Sex 31.2 0.2 7.0 42.5

Rural (%) Male Femal e 7.4 0.1 3.7 83.2

Self-employed Employer Employee

46.8 0.4 14.6 12.7

8.3 0.1 7.6 78.3

42.2 1.0 34.3 5.8

47.6 0.2 9.2 14.4

Unpaid Family Helper

Day Laborer

17.9

25.5

5.7

12.5

14.7

6.2

19.1

28.4

5.6

Graph: Employment status based on locality

A set of credit agreements guided by Bangladesh Bank

No policy prescription in the Industrial Policy 1999

Most of the organization gives very small loan that is not adequate There is a limited number of banks that gives loan

There are no loan program for small & medium size women
entrepreneur Medium and long term credit is entirely collateral based The rate of interest is relatively high

Tax policy

Gift tax

Value added tax (VAT)

BANK WISE NUMBER OF LADIES BRANCHES

Sl. No. Name of Banks Countries Total Branches of Banks

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Sonali Bank Janata Bank Agrani Bank Rupali Bank Ltd. Uttara Bank Ltd. Pubali Bank Ltd. Total

22 5 9 I 37

Contd.

Bank Financing to Women Borrowers by Year

Same of the bank 1993 Total*

No of Loonies 1994 Total* Female** Total* 1993

Amount Disbursed 1994 Total* Female**

Female**

Female**

SB***

292

1,925

12,353

27,521

JB

347,312

416,773

480,765

57

840,519

217

AB

410,741

23

451,123

46

262,368

1,117

305,536

386

BSB

634

629

6,620

3,060

ABBL

1,625

1,725

75,214

333

72,664

152

NBL

6,376

6,751

80,100

87,700

300

Graphic : Bank Financing to Women Borrowers by Year

First to the fifth five year plan.

The first plan (1973-78) The two year plan (1978-80) The Second Plan (1980-85) The Third Five Year Plan (1985-1990) The Fourth Five Year Plan (1990-95) The Fifth Five Year Plan (1997-2002)

Contd

Governments strategies.
Adoption of a comprehensive sustainable industrial policy

Increase the number of women entrepreneurs

Ensure womens easy access to markets Develop entrepreneurial skills of the women Provide infrastructure facilities for women entrepreneurs Upgrade technical "know-how" of women Support research, evaluation and action oriented programs develop technology suitable for women

The self sphere system The socio-sphere system The resource system

The support system

Problems
Personal problems Lack of awareness Excessive burden of work and responsibility Excessive tension and challenges Health problem Poor risk taking ability Lack of systematic planning and working Incompetent in heading technical, financial, sale, production & other managerial activities Inadequate credit orientation Education & Lack of knowledge about : Various schemes runs by government Institutions working for women entrepreneurs Different laws/legal aspects Raw material availability Various modern technologies Loading schemes and procedures of financial institutions

Problems
Lack of motivation from family and society Lack of confidence in womens ability Male dominance Non-favorable attitude Conflict due to dual responsibilities Non-consistent to traditional norms Lack of recognition and appreciation in the reality Non-co-operative attitude of husband Lack of social contacts, social norms No appreciation for independent decision

Problems
Financial problems
Limited working capital Constant need of finance Inadequate amount advanced through financing inst. Economic incredibility of women Lack of collateral security Technical problems Lack of technical know-how about running the org. Lack of specialized units skill to work on specific units Non-availability of modern technologies and E-commerce Marketing problems Lack of marketing experiences Competition from large units in the production line Lack of sufficient finished goods for smooth sales operation and efficient customer service Lack of supply of raw material for timely production Variation in raw material price

Problems
Lack of proper environment for women business owners Inadequate incentives provided by the Govt. Long & complicated procedures to avail institutional help Political influences needed to avail institutional help quickly Lack of promotion all activities Lack of effective communication Lack of coordination between different institutions Lack of opportunities to acquire to business skill Lack of infrastructure facilities Non-availability of skilled workers

Other Problems.
Access to credit Access to technology Access to market Educational problems Start-up processes and management challenges Lack of facilities and awareness of E-commerce Lack of awareness about facilities and support services Responsiveness of financial institutions Discrimination faced by women entrepreneurs Tariff and trade Tax matters Infrastructure and utility Too much burden of household work

Provide quick, flexible, responsive loans

Make quota that ensures a certain portion of bank loan

Provide training facilities to develop managerial and business capabilities

Available technologies to improve the productivity are

to be transferred Women are to be motivated to initiate business in the

non-traditional fields
Technologies are to be developed to reduce the time spent in household works

Enough patience to carry on

Posses a long term vision to success

Ambition is regarded as an inspiring fact Honesty and integrity smooth the way to success

Hardworking ability boosts the confidence

Family inspiration never let them down Fixed quota of stalls at export fairs

Special market facilities both in the domestic and the international arena
Separate counters in counters in commercial banks

The economic solvency and changes in the homestead

Changes has been observed economically

Develop through her own initiative and perseverance

Participation in decision making in family matters

Increased self-confidence through participation in trade

Increase in income is also an increase in the family income

Set up of Women Entrepreneurship Development Cell Identification of women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh Publication of a directory of women entrepreneurs

Organizing entrepreneurship development training

Organizing convention of women entrepreneurs Presenting awards for successful women entrepreneurs Arranging market opportunities

CEO of Persona Renowned makeover artist Beauty specialist

Contd.

Journey of Persona.

1990 1998 : Beginning of journey 1998 2002 : Starting of Persona 2002 : Extension of Persona 2002 2004 : Growth of Persona 2005 : Introducing the largest beauty care facility in Asia

Contd.

More about Persona.

Canvas Persona Adams Persona Health Studio Persona Persona Spa

Managing Partner of SadaKalo Creative fashion designer

Contd.

Journey of Sadakalo.

October 04, 2002 : Officially launched July 19, 2003 :

Opened second branch

June 03, 2005 : Opened third branch

Fashion designer Former international model

Contd.

More.
First woman from Bangladesh to study at the London College
of Fashion Worked as a model for different magazines including Vogue, Cosmopolitan and Harper's Bazaar Worked as a model of Kodak, Channel, BMW, Toyota, Yves Saint Laurent, Karl Lagerfeld, Giorgio Armani Organized European fashion show in Paris in 1996

Contd.

Awards.

Woman of the Year Honorary Fellowship Entrepreneur Woman of the Year UNESCO Special Envoy: Designer for Development UNO representative

Q&A Session