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Fiber Distributed Data

Interface
Overview of FDDI
• high-speed token-ring network that uses

fiber optic media


•100 kilometers in total length with a
maximum of 500 stations
• a maximum distance between nodes of

2 kilometers
• used as high-speed backbone
General Features of FDDI
• Media: 1300nm, optical fibers
• Transmission Method: Base band
• Data Rate: 100Mbps
• Topology: physical ring of trees, logical ring
• Maximum distance between adjacent stations
• Total maximum ring length: 100 km
• Maximum number of attached stations: 500
nodes
History
•Developed under the auspices of the X3T9.5
committee of the ANSI
•In 1995, X3T9.5 became X3T12
•Very popular in networks that required 100
Mbps capability prior to 1996.
•Since 1996, 100 Mbps Ethernet/802.3 and
1000 Mbps
•Ethernet/802.3 technologies have displaced
new FDDI installations
•Introduction of other faster network
technologies have caused a halt to
any development efforts on FDDI

•Rarely used as a direct system


connection network platform, being
primarily relegated to backbone
deployments
Network Configuration

•Based on a Token Ring topology, but instead of a main


single ring to transmit information, it uses two
FDDI Stations
Single-attached station

A single-attached station (SAS) is attached to the


FDDI network through a single connector, called
the S-port
Dual-Attached Station

A dual-attached station (DAS) is attached to the FDDI


network through two connectors, called the A-port and
the B-port, respectively. The A-port has a primary input
(Pin) and a secondary output (Sout); the B-port has a
primary output (Pout) and a secondary input (Sin)
FDDI Concentrators
Single-Attached Concentrator

A single-attached concentrator (SAC) is attached to the FDDI


network through a single connector, which is identical to the S-port
on a single-attached station. It has multiple M-ports, to which
single-attached stations are connected
Dual-Attached Concentrator

A dual-attached concentrator (DAC) is attached to the FDDI


network through two ports, the A-port and the B-port, which are
identical to the ports on a dual-attached station. It has multiple M-
ports, to which single-attached stations are connected
FDDI Transmission Media
• FDDI's primary transmission medium is
the fiber-optic cable

• FDDI uses two types of optical fiber: single-


mode and multimode

• FDDI can also be used on copper wire,


known as copper-distributed data interface
(CDDI)
Mode Of Operation
Based on the Token Ring Protocol
FDDI Fault Tolerance
Dual Ring
Optical Bypass Switch
Dual Homing
Applications
•used to provide high-speed connections for various
types of networks
•works with backbone networks to which other low-
capacity LANs can connect
•LANs that require high data rates and fairly
extensive bandwidth can use FDDI connections
•FDDI is used mainly in mission critical and high
traffic networks where large amounts of data flow
need to flow quickly and efficiently
Sample System
Basic Dual Ring Network

The dual ring is one of the simplest FDDI network topologies


In a dual ring network, dual-attached stations
are connected directly to the primary and
secondary rings.

Data, and the token that controls the flow of


data, are transmitted in one direction on the
primary ring.

Data flows in the other direction on the


secondary ring, which is used during ring
initialization and as a backup in case of a ring
failure.
Advantages

•The primary advantages of the dual ring


network topology are its simplicity and its ability
to recover from simple station and line faults
•The secondary ring provides an effective
backup in the event of a single failure in the ring
•When a ring fails, the primary ring is wrapped
automatically on either side of the fault so that
the primary and secondary rings are combined
to form a single, one-way ring.
Disadvantages

•Small fragments of the network can still


function, but they are isolated from the
other stations
•Cable and connection costs can be high in
large installations, because there are two
cables between each station.

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