Presented by:

Shahid Sohail
Director STP (CDA)
• GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
• PRESENT WATER SITUATION
• RAINWATER POTENTIAL
• RWH PRACTICES
• RECOMMENDATION
Nearly 97% of the world's
water is saltwater or otherwise
undrinkable. Another 2% is
held in ice caps and
glaciers. That leaves just one
percent for all of humanity's
needs i.e. agricultural,
residential, manufacturing, and
community needs.
(United States Geological Survey)
 Each day, the sun evaporates
1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) tons of water.
(United States Geological Survey)
If present consumption patterns continue, two
out of every three persons on Earth will live in
water-stressed conditions by the year 2025.
(United Nations Environment Program)
Population Projection

Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan

Projected Water Demand

Asian Development Bank

Water Production – Sourcewise

JUNE 2, 2008
Water Production - Overall

* 55% leakage in the system (JBIC – SAPS study)

JUNE 2, 2008
Per Capita Water Availability

• Designed 100 GPCD

• Actual Prod. 71 GPCD
• After Leakages 32 GPCD

Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan

Water Production - Tubewells

JUNE 2, 2008
POINT TO PONDER

In the r ecent P as t 10 T ubewell s have

dr ied down and other s are fast depl eti ng

Production Division – II - CDA

Al though CDA is vowed to Fi ll thi s Gap
through Mega Proj ects, Yet ther e is a
di re need to Protect the Exi sti ng
Sources.
 RAINFALL DATA OF ISLAMABAD
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

1990 41.1 105.1 160.2 55.3 0.0 29.4 327.4 436.0 168.3 21.1 7.9 177.9 1093.7

1991 9.2 106.8 103.9 116.6 16.8 88.6 251.8 264.2 211.5 3.3 3.8 17.1 1193.6

1992 99.2 91.3 119.1 30.5 36.8 14.5 256.7 305.0 257.9 9.0 34.0 7.9 956.9

1993 36.4 30.0 140.6 22.0 44.7 77.8 152.7 211.2 15.4 6.0 15.4 0.0 752.2

1994 36.1 51.4 36.0 69.3 36.0 54.8 596.7 637.7 56.2 29.8 1.0 93.2 1698.2

1995 31.5 99.8 104.3 107.4 17.2 20.5 743.3 331.8 39.8 64.6 20.0 35.0 1615.2

1996 81.5 121.9 130.1 47.2 32.0 145.2 298.5 329.1 72.0 60.0 3.0 6.0 1326.5

1997 39.0 20.3 84.3 172.2 46.1 64.7 194.8 496.4 158.0 95.8 22.4 19.8 1413.8

1998 36.7 248.8 75.8 110.0 29.6 19.3 306.0 322.4 138.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 1297.6

1999 83.1 28.5 80.8 2.0 16.1 33.0 232.3 334.0 145.0 9.5 35.0 0.0 999.3

2000 129.0 70.6 18.0 2.0 11.0 37.0 207.0 381.0 129.0 0.0 0.0 14.0 998.6

2001 0.0 4.0 40.0 24.2 16.5 153.0 647.0 207.0 44.0 33.0 7.0 2.0 1177.7

2002 7.0 38.0 32.0 6.0 12.0 155.0 109.0 0.0 157.0 38.0 0.0 26.5 580.5

2003 37.7 235.4 105.9 22.3 18.2 90.2 407.1 212.8 292.5 5.3 27.5 49.9 1504.8

2004 146.8 48.0 0.0 78.0 40.0 130.0 128.5 313.0 46.1 76.0 22.0 28.0 1056.4

2005 97.0 213.0 87.0 0.0 33.0 16.0 181.0 211.0 86.0 36.0 6.0 0.0 966.0

2006 70.0 27.0 61.0 19.0 76.0 126.0 504.0 418.0 52.0 92.0 20.0 133.0 1598.0

Mean 57.7 90.6 81.1 52.0 28.4 73.8 326.1 274.7 121.7 34.7 13.2 35.9 1189.9

(Pakistan Meteorological Department)

Sectorwise Availability of Rainwater
Average yearly rainfall = 1.19 m
Area per sector = 4 x 106 sq.m
Total available rainwater = 4.76 x 106 cu.m / year
= 1047.2 M. gallons / year
= 2.87 MGD
Rainwater utilization = 60%
Available water for use = 1.72 MGD
Sector Population = 40,000
Per capital Availability = 43 GPCD
House wise Availability of Rainwater
Average yearly rainfall = 1.19 m
Area rooftop Area = 250 sq.m
Total available rainwater = 295.5 cu.m / year
= 65,450 gallons / year
Rainwater utilization = 80%
Available water for use = 52360 gallons / year
Person per House = 6
Per capital Availability = 24 GPCD
Surface (Spreading) Methods

• Flooding
• Basin & Percolation Tanks
• Stream Augmentation
• Ditch & Furrow system
Sub-Surface Methods

• Recharge Well
• Pits & Shafts
• Dug wells
• Soakaways
Roof Top Harvesting
• The rain water in urban area can be conserved
through Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting
Techniques for grey water usage and artificial
recharge to ground water.
The advantages of Rain Water Harvesting are:
• Rainwater is bacteriologically pure, free from organic
matter and soft in nature.
• It will help in reducing the flood hazard.
• Improve the quality of existing ground water through
dilution.
• Rainwater may be harnessed at place of need and may
be utilized at time of need.
• The structures required for harvesting the rainwater are
simple, economical and eco-friendly.
RWH in Islamabad
• Redesign of storm drainage system to allow infiltration of
water into the ground.
• Construction of recharge wells at appropriate places
• Utilizing abandoned tubewells for recharging with minor
modifications.
• Rights of usage of ground water be enforced through
legislation.
RWH in Islamabad
• Use of Indigenous plants be preferred.
• Enforcing rooftop RWH on houses for grey water usage.
• Mandatory for new houses
• Mandatory for existing houses having private wells