Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bhavna Bhatia, 05 Neha Gaonkar, 15 Robin Lobo , 25 Vanessa Valdar,45 Manpreet Bhogal, 55 Stefanie Collis
Principles Of WTO
One of the founding Members in 1995. - Principal aim of Indias negotiating strategy in the WTO:
To protect the interests of farmers (agriculture). To protect sensitive industrial sectors from the impact of tariff reductions or bindings (initially textiles & others). Ensure that the interests of developing countries are protected.
1.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Origin and history GATT and WTO
2. General Agreement on Trade in service Origin and History The four mode of supply(Cross-border supply Consumption abroad, Commercial presence Presence of a natural person
3. Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) History and origin Examples
Agreement on Agriculture
Objectives
Market Access
Domestic support Export subsidies
Market Access
The Agreement has two basic elements:
1) Tariffication of non tariff barriers:
2) Minimum level for imports of agricultural products by member countries as a share of domestic consumption
Domestic Support
Two main Objectives:
To identify acceptable measures that support farmers. To deny unacceptable, trade distorting support to the farmers.
These provisions are aimed largely at the developed countries where the levels of domestic agricultural support have risen to extremely high levels in recent decades.
GREEN BOX
AMBER BOX
BLUE BOX
Export Subsidies
Lists several types of subsidies to which reduction commitments apply. Non-existent in India as exporters of agricultural commodities do not get direct subsidy.
Even exemption of Export profits from income tax under Section 80-HHC of the Income Tax Act is not among the listed subsidies.
Implications on India
Indian agriculture enjoys the advantage of cheap labour. Domestic prices in India are considerably less with the exceptions of a few commodities. Imports to India would not be attractive in the case of rice, tea, sun flower oil and cotton.
export prospects
Farmers
benefits
Results
Criticism
Doha Round
4th ministerial conference held at Doha Qatar. The Doha development round or Doha development agenda is the current trade negotiation round of the world trade organization which commenced in November 2001. Negotiations included on major issues such as agriculture, industrialtariffs and non- tariffs barriers, services and trade remedies.
Subsequent ministerial meetings took place in Cancun, Mexico (2003), and Hong Kong (2005) Related negotiations took place in Geneva, Switzerland (2004, 2006, 2008); Paris, France (2005); and Potsdam, Germany (2007).
Before Doha
Trade in agriculture & Trade in services. First WTO ministerial conference : Singapore,1996. Established Four issues
DOHA 2001
Agricultural and manufacturing markets, as well as tradein-services (GATS) negotiations & expanded intellectual property regulation (TRIPS) To make trade rules fairer for developing countries.
By 2008, critics opined that the round would lead to a set of laws that would be bad for development and interfere with the domestic policies of the nations
Cancun 2003 - Collapse of negotiations Geneva, 2004 Paris, 2005 Hong Kong, 2005 Geneva, 2006 Potsdam, 2007 Geneva, 2008 - Collapse of negotiations
Issues
Agriculture Access to patented medicines: Special and differential treatment: Implementation Issues
5) 2004 NON-agricultural products. Granted market access to developing countries under its Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) scheme. AGRICULTURE. 2005 - Textiles: restrictions terminated. 6) 2007 - Improved economic situation, but continued reforms needed. - EU is worlds leading exporter & 2nd largest importer of goods. Mostly Open Market. Services & AGRICULTURE. 7) 2009 - Continued reforms needed. + Services & AGRICULTURE: Robust recovery; Sustained ec. growth; Resources Reallocation.
Thank You