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WATERPROOFING BELOW GROUND LEVEL

Click to edit Master subtitle style PRESENTATION BY GEETHIKA SUSAN ROLL NO: 16 UNDER GUIDANCE OF BINDHU B.K.

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CONTENTS
Introduction Importance of waterproofing Design Requirements Design Approach Methods of Positive Side Waterproofing Steps of Application Negative Side Waterproofing Modern Methods of Waterproofing Case Study
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INTRODUCTION
q Use of underground structures has been

increased

q Damp proofing and water proofing-diff and

similarity.

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IMPORTANCE OF WATERPROOFING
q Effects of water seepage are:

-aggressive chemical exposure -Corrosion of metals -Chemical reactions of aggregates -Cracking -Rust stains
q Overall durability of structure affected.
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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
q 3 types of water penetration:

Uncracked concrete Cracked concrete Leaking joints

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Water flow at leaking joints concrete flow through cracked

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Penetration of water through uncracked concrete.eg:cut and cover tunnel.

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DESIGN APPROACHES
q 2 Approaches of design:

Applied to same side as applied hydrostatic pressure.

Positive waterproofing:

Applied to opposite side as applied hydrostatic pressure.

Negative waterproofing:

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Continued
Negative waterproofing doesnt provide any

protection to concrete if soils contain corrosive chemicals.

Extreme care taken at joints .

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SYSTEMS OF POSITIVE SIDE WATERPRROFING

2 Methods:

1)Water tight concrete 2) Surface barrier 1) Watertight concrete

Use of pozzolanic nano particles in concrete. It crystallises,overall porosity decreases,cracks are 4/14/12 sealed

Use of additives which causes contraction of capillaries. It converts water absorbing capillary forces into water repellant.

Continued.
2) Surface Barrier Materials Function is to arrest the passage of water through concrete.
Eg: Built up bituminous membrane. These are bonded by heat welding or cold

application.
Liquid applied membranes more suitable :

1)Ease of application
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2)Can suit to any geometry

STEPS OF APPLICATION
Excavation of slopes Surface preparation Application of primer Application of 1st layer of bituminous

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polymer membrane forming coating.

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1 1

Continued

Insertion of fabric mesh into 1st layer. Application of 2nd layer of bituminous

polymer membrane

Curing and application of protection boards

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FACTORS AFFECTING DRYING TIME

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FACTORS LOW HUMIDITY RAIN SUNSHINE WIND OR BREEZE HIGH ABSORBENCY THIN COATING
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EFFECTS ON DRYING TIME ACCELERATES DRYING STOPS DRYING AND MARS THE SURFACE ACCELERATES DRYING ACCELERATES DRYING REDUCES DRYING TIME REDUCES DRYING TIME

NEGATIVE SIDE WATERPROOFING

Used only at unavoidable situations.

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Main requirement-low permeable concrete,no

honeycombs,no cracks.

Sealing of cracks is the main operation. Material injected to cracks through injection

packers.

Grid injection system used. Acrylic gels can be also used.

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MODERN WATERPROOFING PRODUCTS 1

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1)Waterstop RX-101 joint -Flexible strip concrete constructon waterstop -Expands upon contact with water

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2)Voltex and Voltex DS 2 - Both uses the waterproofing property of bentonite. -Voltex DS is mainly used in

tunnels.

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Case study-pedestrian subway, sealdah station

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Observed water leakages at horizontal const.

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honeycomb areas , point leakages.

Continued.
q

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2 layer plaster

Surface treatment:

1st layer: 6 mm thick plaster Water proofing compound + cement(3:5)

2nd layer: 8 to 12 mm thick plaster Cement :sand (1:2to 1:3)

q Unnecessary expansion joints should be

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CONCLUSIONS
Success of waterproofing depends on

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application and understanding limitations of materials.

QA systems should be installed. Positive side water proofing is preferred. If negative side waterproofing, then go for

acrylic gel technology.

Proper water proofing methods improve the

durability of structure.

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REFERENCES
Civil Engineering and Construction Review,

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March 2011

NBM CW journal, April 2011 NBM-CW journal, Feb 2011 Facilities Engineering Journal, May 2010 Civil Engineering and Construction Review,

Nov 2010

Concrete technology, MS.Shetty

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THANK YOU!!!

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