PRESENTED BY:

Vinamra Pancharia
Amal Bera
Sumit Bhoir
Ishita Jain

PROJECT GUIDE: Dr. P.P. Nagrale

Introduction
Objectives of the project

Need for pavement reinforcement

Geogrid synthetics
What are geogrid synthetics?

Types of geogrids
Functions of geogrids in road
pavements

Some commonly used geogrid materials

METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT

Design of pavement
FEM analysis in ANSYS
Graphical analysis
Inference

CBR METHOD OF PAVEMENT DESIGN

 CBR Method
It is developed by California Division of
Highway in the USA in 1928 for pavement
design.

Basis of CBR Method

The CBR tests were carried out by the
California State Highway Department on
existing pavement layers including sub-grade,
sub-base and base course.
Based on the CBR test data collected on
pavement, an empirical design chart was
developed correlating the CBR values and
thickness of pavement.

PAVEMENT THICKNESS DETERMINATION

First the soaked CBR value of the soil subgrade is evaluated.
The appropriate design curve is chosen by
taking the design wheel load as given in above
graph.
Thicknesses are obtained from the design
chart by knowing the CBR value of different
layers.

PAVEMENT CROSS SECTION DESIGNED

200
mm

BM

1250
mm

Base

500
mm

Subgrade

FINITE ELEMENT MODELING

 What is FEM?

Application
Review

ABOUT ANSYS

 What is ANSYS?
USE OF ANSYS IN OUR PROJECT

UNREINFORCED SOIL A
Pressure
2.5
3
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20

Stress at top of subgrade

0.063312
0.075975
0.12662
0.18994
0.25325
0.31656
0.37987
0.5065

Stress at top of base

0.79538
0.95445
1.5908
2.3861
3.1815
3.9769
4.7723
6.363

Stress at top of BM
2.2477
2.6972
4.4954
7.3832
9.8183
12.273
14.727
19.637

Pressure
2.5
3
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20

Total strain at top of subgrade

0.00053406
0.00064088
0.0010681
0.0016022
0.0021363
0.0026703
0.0032044
0.0042725

Total strain at top of base

0.0013621
0.0016345
0.002455
0.0033862
0.0044181
0.0055226
0.0066271
0.0088362

Total strain at top of BM

0.00059576
0.00071491
0.0011915
0.0017873
0.002282
0.0028527
0.0034232
0.0045643

Pressure
2.5
3
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20

Deformation at top of subgrade

0.2632
0.31588
0.52646
0.78969
1.0529
1.3162
1.5794
2.1058

Deformation at top of base

1.529
1.8348
3.058
4.587
5.955
7.3971
8.8645
11.819

Deformation at top of BM
1.6197
1.9436
3.294
4.702
6.2491
7.8114
9.3736
12.498

REINFORCED SOIL A

Pressure

Stress at top of subgrade

Stress at top of base

Stress at top of BM

2.5

0.40363

0.0014544

2.554

0.48436

0.0017453

3.0648

0.80727

0.0029088

5.1081

7.5

1.2109

0.0043632

7.6621

10

1.6227

0.0058357

10.216

12.5

2.0284

0.0072947

12.77

15

2.434

0.0087535

15.324

20

3.2454

0.011671

20.432

Pressure

Total strain at top of subgrade

Total strain at top of base

Total strain at top of BM

2.5

0.9585

0.00083474

0.00031308

1.1503

0.0010017

0.0003757

2.1171

0.001669

0.00062616

7.5

3.3756

0.0025042

0.00093924

10

4.575

0.003339

0.0012523

12.5

5.8437

0.0041737

0.0015654

15

7.0124

0.0050084

0.0018785

20

9.3498

0.0066779

0.0025046

Pressure

Deformation at top of subgrade

Deformation at top of base

Deformation at top of BM

2.5

0.49314

0.56927

0.59177

0.68313

0.98628

1.1385

7.5

1.4794

1.7078

10

1.9726

2.2771

12.5

2.4657

2.84464

15

2.9588

3.4156

20

3.9451

4.55422

UNREINFORCED SOIL B
Pressure

Stress at top of subgrade

Stress at top of base

Stress at top of BM

2.5

0.14131

1.2227

2.2488

0.16957

1.4672

2.6985

0.28261

2.4453

4.4976

7.5

0.42392

3.668

6.7464

10

0.56523

4.8907

8.9952

12.5

0.70654

6.1134

11.244

15

0.84784

7.336

13.493

20

1.1305

9.7814

17.99

Pressure

Total strain at top of subgrade

Total strain at top of base

Total strain at top of BM

2.5

0.00076208

0.0013605

0.00059581

0.0009145

0.0016326

0.00071497

0.0015242

0.002721

0.0011916

7.5

0.0022862

0.0040814

0.0017874

10

0.0030483

0.0054419

0.0023832

12.5

0.0038104

0.0068024

0.002979

15

0.0045725

0.0081629

0.0035749

20

0.0060967

0.010884

0.0047665

Pressure

Deformation at top of subgrade

Deformation at top of base

Deformation at top of BM

2.5

1.7397

1.8261

2.0876

2.1974

3.4793

3.6523

7.5

5.219

5.4784

10

6.9587

7.3045

12.5

8.6984

9.1306

15

10.438

10.957

20

13.917

14.609

REINFORCED SOIL B
Pressure
2.5
3
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20

Stress at top of subgrade

0.00061313
0.00073576
0.0012263
0.0018394
0.0024525
0.0030657
0.0036788
0.0049051

Stress at top of base

1.457
1.7484
2.914
4.371
5.828
7.285
8.742
11.656

Stress at top of BM
2.4611
2.9533
4.9221
7.3832
9.8443
12.305
14.766
19.689

Pressure
2.5
3
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20

Total strain at top of subgrade

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Total strain at top of base

0.0011555
0.0013866
0.002311
0.0034665
0.004622
0.0057775
0.006933
0.009244

Total strain at top of BM

0.00057205
0.00068646
0.0011441
0.00171162
0.0022882
0.0028603
0.0034323
0.0045764

Pressure
2.5
3
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20

Deformation at top of subgrade

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Deformation at top of base

1.3576
1.6291
2.7151
4.0727
5.4302
6.7878
8.1453
10.86

Deformation at top of BM
1.4483
1.7379
2.8965
4.3448
5.7931
7.2413
8.6896
11.586

Analysis

Review of work
Preparation

of model

Solution of model and obtaining values of Stress, Strain

and Deformation at different applied pressures

Plotting the values

On X-Axis: Pressure values 2.5, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15
and 20 kg/cm2
On Y-Axis: Stress / Strain / Deformation

Materials under study

SOIL A - UR

200mm

BM
E=4033.3 kg/cm2

1250mm

Base
E=992

500mm

kg/cm2

Subgrade
E=75.6

kg/cm2

SOIL A- R

BM

SOIL B-UR

BM

SOIL B-R

BM

E=4033.3 kg/cm2

E=4033.3 kg/cm2

E=4033.3 kg/cm2

Base

Base

Base

E=992

kg/cm2

Subgrade
E=244

kg/cm2

E=992 kg/cm2

E=992 kg/cm2

Subgrade

Subgrade

E=162.1 kg/cm2

E=256 kg/cm2

Graphical analysis

PLOT 4: Stress v/s Pressure at top of base

Stress at top of base

Stress values

14
12

Stress (kg/cm2)

10
8

Reinforced Soil A
Un Reinforced Soil A

Reinforced Soil B
4

Unreinforced soil B

2
0
0

10

15

20

Pressur
e
Unreinforced soil A
Reinforced soil A
Pressure
Unreinforced soil B Reinforced soil B
2.5
0.14544
0.79538
2.5
1.2227
1.457
3
0.17453
0.95445
3
1.4672
1.7484
5
0.29088
1.5908
5
2.4453
2.914
7.5
0.43632
2.3861
7.5
3.668
4.371
10
0.58357
3.1815
10
4.8907
5.828
12.5
0.72947
3.9769
12.5
6.1134
7.285
15
0.87535
4.7723
15
7.336
8.742
20
1.1671
6.363
20
9.7814
11.656

25

Pressure(kg/cm2)

%Increase
4.47%
%Increase==19.16%
Increase in failure stress marks an
increase in strength

PLOT 2 : Strain v/s Pressure at top of subgrade

Strain at top of subgrade
0.01
0.009
0.008
0.007
Strain

0.006

Reinforced Soil A

0.005

Un Reinforced Soil A

0.004

Reinforced Soil B

0.003

Unreinforced soil B

0.002
0.001
0
0

10

15

20

Pressur
e
Unreinforced soil A
Reinforced soil A
Pressure
Unreinforced soil B Reinforced soil B
2.5
0.0009585
0.00053406
2.5
0.00076208
0
3
0.00115030.0009145
0.000640880
3
5

0.00211710.0015242

0.00106810

7.5

7.5

0.00337560.0022862

0.00160220

10

10

0.004575 0.0030483

0.00213630

0.00584370.0038104
0.0045725
0.0070124
0.0060967
0.0093498

0.00267030
0
0.0032044
0
0.0042725

12.5 12.5
15
15
20
20

25

Pressure(kg/cm2)

40-50% decrease in strain

DECREASE in strain marks
an increased strength

PLOT 9 : Deformation v/s Pressure at top of BM

Deformation at top of BM
16
14

Deformation(mm)

12
10
Un Reinforced Soil A

Reinforced Soil B

Unreinforced soil B
4
2

Unreinforced soil
Pressur
Pressure
B
Reinforced soil B
e
Unreinforced soil A
Reinforced soil A
2.5
1.8261
1.4483
2.5
1.6197
0.56927
3
2.1974
1.7379
3
1.9436
0.68313
5
3.6523
2.8965
5
3.294
1.1385
7.5
5.4784
4.3448
7.5
4.702
1.7078
5.7931
10 10
6.24917.3045
2.2771
7.2413
12.5 12.5
7.81149.1306
2.84464
15

15

9.373610.957

8.6896
3.4156

20

20

12.49814.609

11.586
4.55422

10

15

20

25

Pressure(kg/cm2

DECREASE IN
DEFORMATION marks an
increased strength

Around
decrease
20%60%
DECREASE

PLOT 1 : Stress v/s Pressure at top of subgrade

Stress at top of subgrade
3.5
3

Stress in kg/cm2

2.5
2

Reinforced Soil A
Un Reinforced Soil A

1.5

Reinforced Soil B
1

Unreinforced soil B

0.5
0
0

10
Pressure

15
(kg/cm2)

20

25

PLOT 3 : Deformation v/s Pressure at top of

subgrade
Deformation at Top of Subgrade
2.5

Deformation(mm)

1.5

Reinforced Soil A
Un Reinforced Soil A

Reinforced Soil B
Unreinforced soil B

0.5

0
0

10

15

Pressure(kg/cm2)

20

25

PLOT 5 : Strain v/s Pressure at top of base

Strain at top of base
0.012
0.01

Strain

0.008
0.006

Un Reinforced Soil A

0.004

Reinforced Soil B

0.002

Unreinforced soil B

0
0

10

15

Pressure(kg/cm2)

20

25

PLOT 6 : Deformation v/s Pressure at top of base

Deformation at top of base
16

14

Deformation(mm)

12
10

Reinforced Soil A

Un Reinforced Soil A

Reinforced Soil B

Unreinforced soil B

2
0
0

10

15

Pressure(kg/cm2

20

25

PLOT 7 : Stress v/s Pressure at top of BM

Stress at top of BM
25

Stress (kg/cm2)

20

15
Reinforced Soil A
Un Reinforced Soil A
10

Reinforced Soil B

Unreinforced soil B
5

10
Pressure

15
(kg/cm2)

20

25

PLOT 8 : Strain v/s Pressure at top of BM

Strain at top of BM
0.006
0.005

Strain

0.004
Un Reinforced Soil A

0.003

Reinforced Soil B

0.002

Unreinforced soil B

0.001
0
0

10

15

Pressure(kg/cm2

20

25

Results and related discussions

1.After reinforcement, the E values for subgrade soils A

and B were modified as under:
SOIL

UNREINFORCED

REINFORCED

75.6 kg/cm2

244 kg/cm2

162.1 kg/cm2

256 kg/cm2

INCREASE in strength

2. After reinforcement in the subgrade, the CBR

values of the pavement were modified as under:
SOIL

UNREINFORCED

REINFORCED

1.1%

2.52%

4.15%

6.83%

DECREASE in pavement thickness

3.

From Graphs, we observe that, upon

reinforcement of subgrade soils A and B
FAILURE STRESS is INCREASED
STRAIN is DECREASED
DEFORMATION of pavement layers is
DECREASED

CONCLUSIONS

 Increase in the strength of the pavement

Increase in the service life of the
pavement
For the same service life, the pavement
section can take higher loads
Reduction of thickness of the pavement
layers
Saving in cost of construction as well as
materials

THANK YOU