Integration of FACTS devices into a

dynamic power system model:

Establishing a unifying framework to
increase the dimensions for power
flow regulation
Thesis Defense Presentation
Hui-hsuan Ting
May 2nd, 2006


Thesis Advisor: Professor Judith Cardell
Presentation Overview
Background
Project Scope
Static Var Compensator Case Study
Interconnected System Model Simulation
Potential FACTS models
Conclusion
Reference


Simple illustration of the power transmission system Power system structure
Dynamics of Large Electric Power Systems
= PGenerator + PLoad + PCompensation


= QGenerator + QLoad + QCompensation

Pi

Qi
S = P + jQ
Apparent Complex Power: S = P + jQ


Real Power:


Reactive Power:
o sin
2
- =
X
V
P
) cos 1 ( ) 2 / sin(
2
o o - = - - ~
X
V
I V Q
V voltage
X reactance
phase angle
I current


o
FACTS devices =
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System
devices
Direct control of power flow over designated
transmission routes
Fast Control Technology to overcome limitations
to Power Transfer Capability through rapid
response

o sin
2
- =
X
V
P
Project Scope
Understanding the modeling framework
Methodology for integration of FACTS in the
unified system model
Case study: Integrating the SVC model
Potential FACTS device models for integration
Modeling Framework Key Players
Dynamic Generators
Static Algebraic Transmission System
Inclusion of FACTS Power Electronic Devices
(

=
G
lc
ext
P
X
X
Extended State Space Interconnected System Model
u B X A X
ext ext ext
- + - =

Dynamic Generators
ref
G G
lc
Pg
M
Pt
Tg
r
Tg
Tu
kt
Tu
Pt
M
Pt
M
D et
t P X e
o
e
o
e
-
(
(
(

+ -
(
(
(
(
(

+
(
(
(

-
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0

u B P C X A X
G M lc lc lc
- + - + - =

=
G
lc
ext
P
X
X
(

=
G
lc
ext
P
X
X
Static Algebraic
Transmission System
)] sin( ) cos( [ | || |
j i ij j i ij j i G
b g V V P u u u u + =

)] cos( ) sin( [ | || |
j i ij j i ij j i G
b g V V Q u u u u + =

Linearization assuming
L p G p G
P D K P

+ = e
0 =
c
c
V
P
0 =
c
c
f
Q
0 = Ab 0 = Ag
(
(
(

=
k
Gi
lci
ext
b
P
X
X
Inclusion of FACTS
power electronic devices
New Assumptions:

New Linearized Transmission System Model Equation:
0 = Ab 0 = Ag
L p G p G
P D K P

+ = e
g L + b N
p p

+
Find dynamic FACTS device models
that are based on susceptance (b) or conductance (g)
o sin
2
- =
X
V
P
Case Study: Integrating the Static Var
Compensator (SVC) model
)) ( ) ( (
1
) ( t u K B t B
T
t B
B B Lo L
B
L
+ + =

) ( ) ( t B B t B
L Co svc
=
SVC dynamic Model
c TCR SVC
B B B + =
C L
B B +

=
t
o o t sin 2
B
TCR
l
L
C
C
X
B
X
B
1
1
=
=
Structure of the 9-bus network
3 Generators at bus 1, 2, and 3
9 branches
36 simulations, 4 for each branch at four different firing angles
Generator
1-4 3-6 4-5 5-6 8-2 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-4
1
- - -
2

3

g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
g
P
Potential FACTS Models
) (
) (
) (
t V
t i
t B
Q
Q
Q
=
)) ( ) ( (
1
) ( t u k i t i
T
t i
Q Q Qo Q
Q
Q
+ + =
STATCOM
) (
1
) (
t X
t B =
)) ( ) ( (
1
) (
0
t u k x t x
T
t x
s s s s
s
s
+ + =

SSC
Conclusion
The unified modeling framework shows the overall
effect of the whole system due to use of FACTS
devices installed locally.
Control Strategies can be developed by designing
the pattern and timing of the control input signal of
the dynamic FACTS model, as well as where the
FACTS device should be located in the
transmission system.
Impedance based dynamic FACTS device models
best serve the purpose of the unified modeling
framework.
Acknowledgements
Professor Judith Cardell
Professor Timothy Doughty
Professor Linda Jones
Dawn Scaparotti
Engineering Buddies & The Green Building

[1]Brennan, Plamer, Martinez, Timothy J, Karen, Salvador. "Implementing Electricy Restructuring: Policies, Potholes, and Prospects." Resources for
the future (2001):
[2]Eidson, Brian, Estimation and Hierarchical Control of Market-driven Electric Power Systems, MIT LEES Technical Report, TR95-009, August 1995.
[3]"Making electricity." Tennessee Valley Authority kids.com. Tennessee Valley Authority. 03/20/2006
<http://www.tvakids.com/electricity/images/transmission.gif>.
[4]Song, Yong Hua, and Allan T Johns. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS). London: The institution of electrical Engineers, 1999.
[5]Ilic, Marija , and John Zaborszky. Dynamics and Control of Large Electric Power Systems. : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.
[6]Alexander, Charles K. , Matthew N.O Sadiku. Electric Circuits.2nd. Singapore: Mcgraw-Hill, 2004.
[7]Crow, Mariesa . Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems. : CRC press, 2003.
[8]Shearer, J. Lowen., Kulakowski, Bohdan T., Gardner, John F. Dynamic Modeling and Control of Engineering System. Prentice Hall; 2nd edition ,
February 11, 1997.
[9]Tan, Y.L. Analysis of Line Compensation by Shunt-Connected FACTS Controllers: A Comparison between SVC and STATCOM, IEEE Power
Engineering Review, August 1999
[10]Canizares, Faur, Claudio A, Zeno T. "Analysis of SVC and TCSC Controllers in Voltage Collapse." IEEE Trans. Power Systems 14(1999):
[11]Canizares, Claudio A., Pozzi, S.Corsi, M.0 Modeling and Implementation of TCR and VSI Based FACTS Controllers. Enel Ricerca Area
Trasmissione e Dispacciamento. December 1999.
[12]Canizares, Claudio A.,and Kodsi, Sameh KM."IEEE 14 Bus System With FACTS Controllers" Technical Report #2003-3. 2003.
[13]Geidl, Martin. Implementation of FACTS and Economic Generation Dispatch in an Interactive Power Flow simulation Platform. ETH Diploma
thesis PSL0201, March 2003.
Reference:
Berizzi, Alberto., Delfanti, Maurizio., Pasquadibisceglie, Marco Savino. Enhanced security-constrained OPF with FACTS devices. IEEE
Transaction on Power Systems, VOL.20, NO.3. August 2005
Cardell, Judith., Ilic, Marija. Maintaining Stability with distributed Generation in a Restructured Industry. IEEE PES GM 2004. 2004
Ghandhari, Mehrdad., Hiskens, Ian A. Control Lyapunov Functions for Controllable Series Devices. IEEE Transactions on Power systems,VOL16,
NO4. November, 2001.
Hingorani, Narain G. Role of FACTS in a deregulated Market. IEEE Power Engineering Society. 2000
Hingorani, Narain G. , and Laszlo Gyugyi. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission systems. NJ: IEEE press,
2000.
Ilic, Marija d., Liu, Shell. Hierarchical Power Systems Control: Its Value in a changing Industry. Springer Verlag, 1996.
Ilic, Marija., Wu, Felix. Research and Applications on Real-time Control of Power Grids: Past Successes and Future Opportunities. Bulk Power
Systems Dynamics and Control VI. August, 2004.
Lai, Loi Lei. Power System Restructuring and Deregulation. NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
Myers, Alan. FACTS Overview.IEEE Power Engineering Society 95 TP 108, 1995
P. Kundur. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Padhy, Narayana Prasad. Power flow control and solutions with multiple and multi-type FACTS devices Electric Power Systems Research 74.
2005
Saccomanno, Fabio. Electric Power Systems: Analysis and Control. NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
Sen, Kalyan K. SSSC Static Synchronous Series Compensator: Theory, Modeling, and Applications.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,
VOL13, NO.1. January 1998.
Shahidhpour, Mohammad, and Yaoyu Wang. Communication and Control in Electric Power systems. NJ: John wiley & Sons, 2003.
Wu, Wei. FACTS Applications in Preventing Loop Flows in Interconnected Systems. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting:
conference proceedings:13-17. 2003

Reference
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-500
0
500
1000
B
alpha
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0
50
100
a
l
p
h
a
time
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-500
0
500
1000
B
alpha
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
50
100
a
l
p
h
a
time
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-500
0
500
1000
B
alpha
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
50
100
a
l
p
h
a
time
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-500
0
500
1000
B
alpha
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
0
50
100
a
l
p
h
a
time
Tc = 1degree alpha per second,
alpha ~ 10 degrees
Tc =0.1degree alpha per
second, alpha ~ 1 degrees
Tc = 10degree alpha per second,
alpha ~ 80+ degrees
Tc = 100, exceed
maximum limit of alpha