Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Embedded Systems
Microcontrollers & Embedded Processors
An Overview
By: Ramtin Raji Kermani Junior student of Computer Hardware Eng. Spring 2005
May 16, 2005 Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University
Embedded Systems
What is an Embedded System? Where are Embedded Systems used? Typical Embedded Systems Hardware Embedded OS and Software Microcontrollers The 8051 Microcontroller A simple project using AT89C51 References
Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University
- Embedded systems have a (more or less) well-defined purpose - Contrast with: general purpose computers (PCs etc) - Both hardware and software is tailored to application(s), which are well defined - However, re-programmability is a requirement ESs are (usually) part of a larger device, augmenting its capabilities
Any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a general-purpose computer. Anything that uses a computer but does not look like one. The microprocessor in an embedded system is like an electric motor in a washing machine.
ES Characteristics:
Efficiently Cost effective Power efficiently Real-time Predictability
Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University
Distributed control
Network routers, switches, firewalls, mass transit systems, Elevators
Small systems
Mobile phones, pagers, home appliances, toys, smartcards, MP3 players, PDAs, digital cameras, sensors, pc keyboard & mouse
Domain-specific processors
DSPs Microcontrollers
Microprocessors
General Purpose Processors
New trends in ES HW
Systems-on-chip
Usual (or desired) specs:
32-bit RISC CPU Built-in interfaces to RAM and ROM Built-in DMA, interrupt and timing controllers Built-in interfaces to disk or flash memory Built-in Ethernet/802.11 interfaces Built-in LCD/CRT interfaces
Examples
Intel StrongARM SA-1110 Motorola PowerPC MPC823e NEC VR4181 Many, many more
Principal role: Not transformation of data but interaction with physical world Acquires properties of physical world
Takes time Consumes power Does not terminate (unless it fails)
Office-style OSes
PalmOS WindowsCE
RTOSes
VxWorks QNX
Linux
Linux is already ubiquitous
Mobile OS
Symbian
Others
TinyOS
What is a Microcontroller?
A microcontroller is an entire computer manufactured on a single chip. They have a high concentration of on-chip facilities such as serial ports, parallel input/output ports, timers, counters, interrupt control, analog-to-digital converters, random access memory, read only memory, etc.
The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51 family introduced by Intel Corporation at the end of the 1970s.
Here weve designed, built and programmed a digital BCD counter that counts from 0 to 9 on a 7Segment display. We use register A as Accumulator, in each delayed cycle the accumulator increments by one and result is showed on the 7segment display.
References
Web References:
www.google.com http://www.embedded.com http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system http://www.linuxdevices.com Mani Srivastavas EE202A class
http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/courses/ee202a/2002f http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/497408.html
Books:
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Mazidi, M.A. Microprocessors: Uffenbeck, john . 8051 201
Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University
At the End