g

GE Power Management

UR - The Universal Relay

GE Power Management

UR Features
FAMILY of relays built on a common platform
Common look & feel for ease of use product to product All bells & whistles, present and future, available to whole family Reduced training time and drafting costs

MODULAR architecture
Scaleable - accommodates a scaleable I/O architecture Flexible - accommodates different types of I/O Upgradeable - accommodates upgrading to new technologies

GE Power Management

UR Features
COMMUNICATIONS
High-speed networking capability (Ethernet - fiber, redundancy) Multiple Protocols - UCA 2.0, DNP 3.0, Modbus, IEC-870-101

SUBSTATION Automation - System Solution

PMCS + UR with UCA 2.0 MMS/Ethernet

GE Power Management

Software Issues
Software accounts for 90% of digital relay design Most support functions are required in all types of relays Market needs are driving shorter development cycles

Solution: Modular Software

GE Power Management

Modular Software
Object Oriented Design allows for scalable, flexible and re-useable software and features
Protection Class
TOC IOC Distance Differential Frequency Volts/Hz etc

Objects

GE Power Management

Hardware Issues
Microprocessor / Integrated Circuit Functionality is increasing exponentially Components can become obsolete in 1 to 2 years Utility expect a 20+ year life

Solution: Modular Hardware Design

GE Power Management

Modular Hardware Design

Concept

Physical Realization

GE Power Management

Common Platform
Common hardware modules Common software modules Capability to run a wide variety of applications Result: Universal Relay (UR)
Application Software
Line Application Transformer Application Feeder Application Generator Application

Control (PLC) Application

GE Power Management

Hardware
Flash memory Draw-out modules for serviceability Expandable I/O Field upgradable

GE Power Management

Hardware
4RU, 19 inch rack-mount chassis Hinged faceplate allows easy access to modules Faceplate can be mounted separately on doors for applications limited in depth Extension cable connects faceplate to main unit

GE Power Management

Hardware - Modular I/O

Configurable I/O via sub-modules

Sub-Modules

GE Power Management

Draw-Out Modules
Modular design allows all modules to be easily inserted or removed for upgrading or repair. Field wiring is left undisturbed

GE Power Management

Hardware - Interfaces

CONTACT INPUTS (expandable)

Configurable inputs may be used for:
Breaker status Oscillography trigger Control inputs

CONTACT OUTPUTS (expandable)

Fully programmable
Trip rated Form-A relays Form-C relays Fast Form-C relays

GE Power Management

User Interfaces

PROGRAM UPDATING
Flash memory storage of firmware for field updating via communications port. Enables product updating on-site for latest features

COMMUNICATIONS

POWERFUL PROCESSORS
Numerical data processing using a 32 bit CPU and DSP for high speed complex task processing

Modbus RTU on RS485 @ 115 kbps MMS/UCA 2.0 on Redundant 10BaseF

GE Power Management

FlexLogic
FlexLogic minimizes the requirement for auxiliary components
and wiring while making more complex schemes possible.
URPC

GE Power Management

Virtual Inputs / Outputs

Virtual Inputs / Outputs
extend the I/O capability of the relay to LAN communications.

GE Power Management

eer to Peer Communications

Networkable Peer to peer communications Self-defining data External data access via corporate WAN

GE Power Management

Metering
Current (Phase, Neutral and Ground) Accuracy: 0.25% of reading or 0.1% of rating from 0.1 to 2.0 x CT rating (whichever is greater)

Voltage (Vab Vbc Vca Van Vbn Vcn) Accuracy: 0.25% of reading from 10 to 208 V

Apparent Power (VA) - Accuracy:

reading

1.0% of

Real Power (Watts) - Accuracy: Reactive (Vars) - Accuracy: 1% Power Factor - Accuracy: 0.02

1% of reading

GE Power Management

Monitoring
Oscillography
64 samples / power frequency cycle Adjustable Memory (1 record / 128 cycles to 31 records / 8 cycles) 6 Analog, 15 digital channels can be displayed Selectable triggers Adjustable trigger position

Event Recorder

1024 events, events are date and time stamped to nearest millisecond Selection of points to monitor (pickup, operation, logic, I/O)

GE Power Management

Connectivity
Communications URPC Integration
Protocols Peer to Peer Communications

GE Power Management

Communications
PROTOCOLS Modbus RTU protocol
Standard Front Port: RS232 Rear Port: RS485 up to 115kbps

UCA2 protocol
Application: MMS Physical: 10BaseT (Ethernet) or 10BaseF (Fiber Optic) Transport layer ISO-OSI and TCP/IP

GE Power Management

URPC Program Features

Windows 95/ NT Based Software
View actual values View/edit setting on-line View Event Recorder for troubleshooting Upgrade relay firmware programming

View relay Status View/edit setting off-line with setting file manager On-line instruction manual Download & view oscillography in Comtrade format

GE Power Management

Event Recorder Capture Screen

Snapshot Data

Oscillographic Data

Settings Change Data The three main types of data - Snapshot data, Oscillographic data, and Settings data - can be accessed from this screen, the Event recorder.

GE Power Management

Snapshot Data

GE Power Management

Oscillographic Data

GE Power Management

Settings Change Data

GE Power Management

UR Relay Types
F30 Feeder Management Relay (9/98) L90 Line Current Differential (11/98) C30 Controller/Metering (2/99) C60 Controller/Metering/Breaker Failure (4/99) F60 Feeder Management Relay (4/99) T60 Transformer Management relay (4/99) D60 Line Distance Relay (5/99) L60 Line Current Phase Comparison Relay (6/99) Staged release of enhancements to platform and individual relay models

GE Power Management

Substation Automation
The UR Relay is the Engine for Substation Automation

GE Power Management

UR - The Universal Relay

GE Power Management

UR L90 Line Differential Relay

An integrated transmission line protection system for series compensated lines

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Power to Protect Your Lines

Connectivity
ModBus RTU MMS/UCA2TM Protocols SI Compatibility FlexCurves FlexLogic FlexModules Other Features

Flexibility
The second Relay designed from the ground up around the MMS/UCA 2TM Ethernet communications standard. Giving you the flexibility, connectivity and power to manage your facility.

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Presentation Overview
Applications Protection and Control New & Unique Concepts User Interfaces Order Codes

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Applications
The L90 is a digital current differential relay system intended to provide complete protection for transmission lines of any voltage level. Overhead Lines and Cables Lines with 2 Terminals EHV, HV, Sub-Transmission With/ without Series Compensation

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Transmission Line Protection & Metering

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

rotection & Control Functions

Current Differential with Adaptive Restraint High Speed Tripping, 1/2 - 2 cycles Backup Overcurrent Direct Transfer Trip Stub Bus Protection

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Current Differential Scheme

Similar to a Percentage Restraint Scheme Adaptive Statistical Restraint Adaptive Based on Relay Measurements More Accurate and Sensitive Fault Sensing Detects High Impedance Single Line to Ground Faults that Existing Systems may not Detect

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

New & Unique Concepts

Three key technical considerations in designing a new current differential relay:
Data Consolidation Restraint Characteristic Sampling Synchronization

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Data Consolidation
Extract appropriate parameters to be transmitted from raw samples of transmission line currents Balance between transient response and bandwidth Phase consolidation:
Phase current information is combined Faulted phase information is lost L90 does not use phase consolidation

Time consolidation:

Reduces communication bandwidth requirements Improves security caused by single corrupted data sample L90 uses time consolidation

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Phaselets Concept
5 6 4 2

Disturbance Detector 50DD

Disturbance Detector 50DD

fy( n )

4 -5

16

32

48

64

80

96

112 n

128

144

160

176

192

208

224 224

1 2 3 4 5

Phaselet ( 1/8 cycle)

1 0 1 1 1 2

Full Cycle Window = 8 Phaselets

1 3 1 4

1 5

1 6

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

+X

Phaselets Concept Prefault

Area of uncertainty

+R
1st Pre-Fault Phaselet:

+X

-X

Disturbance Detector resets calculation window.

+R

+X

+X

Phaselet 1

-X

+R

Phaselet 4
-X +R

Phaselet 6
-X

Full Cycle Pre-Fault Phasor (No uncertainty)

Phaselet 8

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

+X

Phaselets Concept Fault

+R
1st Fault Phaselet:

+X

-X

Disturbance Detector resets calculation window.

+R

+X

Phaselet 9

-X

+R

+X

Phaselet 12
-X +R

Phaselet 14
-X

Full Cycle Fault Phasor (No uncertainty)

Phaselet 16

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Phaselets Concept Fault

Phaselet Simulation on Noisy Waveform
Sinusoid with random white Gaussian noise.
f( n ) 0

16

24

32

40

48

56

64 n

72

80

88

96

104

112

120

128

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Phaselets Concept Fault Phaselet Simulation on Noisy Waveform

2 .4 2 .2 2 1 .8 1 .6 1 .4 mx a a mg m mg in a w 1 .2 w 1

Convergence of uncertainty area to equivalent of full cycle Fourier Transform.

0 .8

Decreasing area of uncertainty (or variance error) as phaslet window size increases.
0 .6 0 .4 0 .2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 w 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6

haselets improve operating speed while maintaining securi

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Restraint Characteristic
Classic Dual-Slope Restraint Characteristic
Ioperate
Protected Element

I1
Iop = | I1 + I2 |

I2

Ioperate = Iop = | I1 + I2 | Irestraint = Ir = K [ |I1| + |I2|]

K2 K1

Irestraint

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Restraint Characteristic

L90 combines the classic method with adaptive elliptical restraint to improve both security and dependability. Adaptive Elliptical Restraint Classic Dual-slope Characteristic L90 Im Im Iop Ir Iop Re Re

Static restraint region formed by classic method

Dynamic restraint region based on magnitude of the variance error measurement (i.e. the difference between the actual values measured and the estimated data from the Fourier Transform

When the waveform is distorted due to CT saturation, harmonic content, or fault initiation transients, the restraint region will grow larger.

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Sampling Synchronization 90 uses distributed clock synchronization

Clocks are synchronized to each other (no master clock) Phases are synchronized to each other
Primary source is current measurements Secondary source is time tagged messages (ping-pong) Timing error is driven to zero Phase angle deviations are minimized (<0.6 degree)

Clocks are synchronized to the power system frequency

Eliminates one source of error in phasor measurements

Loop filter adjusts clock frequency

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Sampling CurrentSynchronization differential requires both relays to

be in time synchronization for differential L90 L90 calculations. #2 #1
Tx Rx Tx Rx

tf = forward travel time t0 tf

Communications Channel

Ping-Pong Synchronization Technique:

tf = tr = t3 - t0 - (t2 - t1) t1 t2
2

tr tr = return travel time t3

Traditional Ping-Pong synchronization technique assumes forward time delay (tf) is equal to the return travel time (tr). This is NOT the case for communications equipment found in the utility/industrial environment.

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Sampling Synchronization Improvements on Ping-Pong Synchronization schem

Minimizes variance on channel delays and jitter by averaging
Ping-Pong calculations Implements a DPLL (digital phase-locked-loop) allowing the Ping-Pong algorithm to stabilize to new path delays. Calculates phase error at each end due to channel delays and compensates clocks at both ends

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Flexibility
Relay Channels FlexCurvesTM FlexLogicTM FlexModulesTM Metering and Monitoring

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Relay Channels
Two Terminal Communication Channels
820 nm Multi-mode Fiber (LED) 1300 nm Multi-mode Fiber (LED) 1300 nm Single-mode Fiber (ELED) 1300 nm Single-mode Fiber (Laser) G.703 (April 99) RS422 (April 99)

Three Terminal Available in April 99

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

FlexCurves
Typical application of FlexCurves: When the protection curves used for lateral taps 2 and 3 differ; custom FlexCurves can be constructed to coordinate with both.

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Monitoring
Fault Location IRIG-B Time Synchronization CT Failure/Current Unbalance Trip Circuit Monitors Channel Monitor Test Features
Local loopback for channel Manual test mode Playback of oscillography files

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

User Interfaces

PROTECTIVE COVER RESET KEY Protects keypad when not in use Clears event, EVENT CAUSE LED Can be fitted with a seal indicators, and latched alarms

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

User Interfaces
STATUS INDICATORS IN SERVICE: The relay is operating normally TROUBLE: Self-test detected a problem TEST MODE: The relay is in test mode TRIP: A trip command had been issued ALARM: An alarm condition is present PICKUP: Pickup condition detected RS232 SERIAL PORT Connect to a PC to run URPC Use for downloading settings, monitoring data, sequence of events reports, Oscillography

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

User Interfaces
EVENT CAUSE LED INDICATORS VOLTAGE: Event caused by voltage CURRENT: Event caused by current FREQUENCY: Not applicable OTHER: Not applicable PHASE A Indicates which PHASE B phase was PHASE C involved NEUTRAL/GROUND RS232 SERIAL PORT Connect to a PC to run URPC Use for downloading settings, monitoring data, sequence of events reports, Oscillography

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

User Interfaces
DISPLAY

GE POWER MANAGEMENT RELAY

40 character vacuum fluorescent display Visible in dim lighting or at any angle Used for programming, monitoring, status fault diagnosis, user programmable messages and settings

KEYPAD
MENU

HELP
ESCAPE

MESSAGE

Numerical keypad and command keys allow full access to the relay Rubber keypad is dust tight and splash-proof with door Website address via HELP for technical support

ENTER

VALUE

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

User Interfaces

CONTACT INPUTS (Expandable)

Configurable inputs may be used for: Breaker status Oscillography trigger Control inputs

CONTACT OUTPUTS (Expandable) Trip rated Form-A relays

Form-C relays that may be programmed for auxiliary functions

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

User Interfaces

PROGRAM UPDATING

POWERFUL PROCESSORS

COMMUNICATIONS

Flash memory storage of firmware for field Numerical data processing using a updating via communications port. Enables32 bit CPU and DSP for high speed product updating on-site for latest features.complex task processing

ModBus RTU on RS485 @ 115 kbps MMS/UCA 2.0 on Redundant 10BaseF

GE Power Management

L90 Line Differential Relay

Order Code
L90 - * 00
Base Unit CPU Software Options Mounting Faceplate Power Supply VDC, 19-81 VAC 300 VDC, 70-265 VAC CT/VT Digital I/O Digital I/O L90 A C D 00 H C L H 8A XX 6G 6I 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 6G 6H 6I 6J 6K 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 6G 6H 6I 6J 6K 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 6G 6H 6I 6J 6K 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 6G 6H 6I 6J 6K 7A 7B 7C 7D

- H C * - F ** - H * * - L * *- N* *- S**- U**- W**

Base Unit RS485 + RS485 RS485 + 10BaseF RS485 + Redundant 10BaseF No software options Horizontal Faceplate with keypad and display 24/48 V (Low); 19-60 125/250 V (High); 88Standard 4CT/4VT No module 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 4 SCR outputs, 16 inputs 2 Form-A, 2 Form-C, 8 inputs 2 Form-A, 2 Form-C, 4 inputs 8 Form-C outputs 16 Inputs 4 Form-C, 8 inputs 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 8 Fast Form-C outputs 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 6 Form-A, 4 inputs 4 SS SCR outputs, 8 inputs 4 Form-C, 4 Fast Form-C 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Terminal 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Terminal 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Terminal 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2

Inter-Relay Communications

GE Power Management

UR L90 Line Differential Relay

An integrated transmission line protection system for series compensated lines