IMAGE ADAPTIVE & FRAGILE WATERMARKING

EDA ORMANCI EBRU ARISOY

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What is Watermarking?
Digital watermarking is a technique for inserting information (the watermark) into an image, which can be later extracted or detected for variety of purposes including identification and authentication purposes.

A watermark may be:

Fragile:
distorted or broken under slight changes designed to break under all changes that exceed a specified threshold

Semi-fragile:
user-

Robust:
(compression,

withstand moderate to severe signal processing attacks rescaling,filtering)

The requirements for image adaptive watermarking schemes are

Tranparency: Capacity: Robust:

the watermark is not visible in the image under typical viewing conditions.

ability to detect watermarks with a low probability of error as the number of watermarked versions of the image increases

the watermark can still be detected after the image has undergone some linear or non linear operations

The image adaptive watermarking procedure

Watermark is inserted to the DCT coeffients of the each block of the image by using the technique below: Yk (u,v) = Xk(u,v)+Jk(u,v)Wk (u,v) Xk (u,v) |Xk (u,v)| > Jk(u,v) elsewhere

Verification of a marked image Z: W(u,v)=[X(u,v)-Z(u,v)]/J(u,v) =W.W/(EW.EW)1/2

How can we determine the Treshold J(u,v) in watermark embedding?

VISUAL MODELS
Frequency Sensitivity:
the human eyes sensitivity to sine wave gratings at various frequencies (depens on viewing conditions)

Luminance Sensitivity: Contrast masking:

the effects of the detecteability threshold of noise on a constant background (depends on the image)

to the detect ability of one signal in the presence of another signal and the effect is strongest when both signals are of the same spatial frequency

tij = qij/2 tijk = tij(C00k/C00)a

mijk = Max[ tijk, |Cijk|w tijk1-w] eijk = Cijk - Round[Cijk/qij] qij

(Frequency sensitivity.) (Luminance sensitivity.) (Contrast masking)

Combination of all JNDijk = eijk / mijk

(Just Noticable Distortion)

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Fragile Image Watermarks:

The features a fragile watermarking system should have can be stated as follows:
A fragile marking system should be able to detect any changes made in a marked image after marking. The watermark should not be visible under normal viewing conditions, that is the watermark should not alter the quality of the image in a large extent. The detector should be able to locate and characterize alterations made to an image The watermark should only be detectable by the provision of the correct key. Otherwise the detector should resemble random noise or provide an image which is commercially valueless. The marking key should be difficult to be extracted from the marked image without the correct
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Secret Key Authentication/Verification Watermark

Figure 5: insertion procedure of the watermark signal to each image block

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Secret Key Authentication/Verification Watermark

Figure 6: block diagram of the extraction procedure for each block

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Public Key Authentication/Verification Watermark

Figure 7: Public key verification watermark insertion procedure

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Public Key Authentication/Verification Watermark

Figure 8: Public key verification watermark extraction procedure

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