SOLUTION PVT LTD

SPIRO

AN ISO 9001:2008CERTIFIED R&D COMPANY

About SPIRO

Spiro Over

Solutions & a

South we

Indias are

leading

Research

Development

Organization. furnishing

decade,

individuals in all technologies and domains by fulfilling their desires in Research & Development focused on sector students through to meet efficient industry training methodologies. All our efforts are requirements.

Why we are here?

Industrial exposure To give world wide access To provide industry based skills for students To lessen the gap institution and industry between

Our Team
Team consists of enthusiastic experts, drawn from a range are of disciplines class Our and and experience, supported by infrastructure and facilities, which world distinctively state-of-the-art. Experts

have diverse industry experience with the right mix of patience, and aggressiveness to assist students hence they are working as clear interface to students by delivering an uninterrupted real time help.

Our 12 Precepts Based Training

D OM AIN S FOR ECE

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS MATLAB VLSI

EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Definition
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, often with real-time computing constraints. An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular function.

Examples of embedded systems

Industrial machines Automobiles Medical equipment Cameras Household appliances Airplanes Vending machines

Why Embedded Systems?

Embedded systems are playing important roles in our lives every day, even though they might not necessarily be visible. Some of the embedded systems we use every day control the menu system on television, the timer in a microwave oven, a cell phone, an MP3 player or any other device with some amount of intelligence built-in. In fact, recent poll data shows that embedded computer systems currently outnumber humans in the USA. Embedded systems is a rapidly growing industry where growth opportunities are numerous.

Some common characteristics of embedded systems

Single-functioned Executes a single program, repeatedly Tightly-constrained Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc. Reactive and real-time Continually reacts to changes in the systems environment Must compute certain results in real-time without delay

Three key embedded system technologies

Technology A manner of accomplishing a task, especially using technical processes, methods, or knowledge Three key technologies for embedded systems Processor technology IC technology Design technology

Microprocessors:
General-purpose microprocessor

CPU for Computers No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself Example Intels x86, Motorolas 680x0
CPU GeneralPurpose Microprocessor Data Bus Many chips on mothers board

RAM

ROM

I/O Port

Timer

Serial COM Port

Address Bus General-Purpose Microprocessor System

Microcontroller :

A smaller computer On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... Example Atmel , Intels 8051, Zilogs Z8 and PIC 16X

CPU RAM ROM I/O Port Serial Timer COM Port

A single chip

Microcontroller

Features of microcontroller
A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit, commonly with the following features: Central processing unit - ranging from small and simple 4-bit processors to complex 32- or 64-bit processors Discrete input and output bits, allowing control or detection of the logic state of an individual package pin Serial input/output such as serial ports (UARTs)

Features of microcontroller(cont)
other serial communications interfaces like IC, Serial Peripheral Interface and Controller Area Network for system interconnect peripherals such as timers, event counters, PWM generators, and watchdog volatile memory (RAM) for data storage ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program and operating parameter storage clock generator - often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit

Block Diagram
External interrupts Interrupt Control On-chip ROM for program code
Timer/Counter

On-chip RAM

Timer 1 Timer 0

Counter Inputs

CPU Serial Port

OSC

Bus Control

4 I/O Ports

P0 P1 P2 P3

TxD RxD

Address/Data

M icr op r oce ssor vs. M icr ocon t r olle r

Microprocessor Microcontroller vCPU is stand-alone, vCPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and RAM, ROM, I/O, timer timer are all on a single chip are separate vfix amount of on-chip ROM, vdesigner can decide on the RAM, I/O ports amount of ROM, RAM vfor applications in which cost, and I/O ports. power and space are critical vexpansive vsingle-purpose vversatility vgeneral-purpose

Classification of Embedded Systems

Distributed and Non distributed Reactive and Transformational Control dominated and Data dominated

Essential Components
Microprocessor Sensors Converters (A-D and D-A) Actuators Memory (On-chip and Off chip) Communication path with the interacting environment

Embedded System Structure (Generic)

Sensor AD Processor & ASICs DA
Actuator

Memory

I/O Categories

Input devices

Output devices

Sensors, User-input Actuators, Displays

Complex I/O devices (printers, faxes, coprocessors, etc)

Voltage levels - Voltage levels Current draw - Synchronization Sampling frequency - Throughput Noise - Noise

Analog I/O

Digital I/O

EMBEDDED DOMINES

ROBOTICS

AUTOMATION

WIRELESS

WIRELESS DEVICES

IR

RF

BLUETOOTH
frequency

ZIGBEE

frequency

frequency

range-1 to 400 THz

range-3 kHz to 300 GHz

range-24002480 MHz

GSM AND GPS

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM)

What is the GPS?

Orbiting navigational satellites

Transmit position and time data

Handheld receivers calculate

latitude longitude altitude velocity

Developed by Defense

Department of

GPS Communication and Control

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

WEB BASED

ELECTRICAL

BIO MEDICAL