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Abstract
1. Personality
2. Social Temperaments
http://www.scribd.com/doc/4459757/Human-Social-Temperaments-yin-yang-and-
harmony
Abstract
The three basic human social temperaments are yin, yang, and
harmony for feminine collective wellbeing, masculine individualistic
achievement, and harmonious connection, respectively. The
harmonious temperament transcends yin yang, and exists only in
human. The theory of human social temperaments is the combination
of the three popular theories, including the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI), the Big Five, and the Merrill-Reid social style
theory. The theory starts with the personality system based on the
brain structure and neurotransmitters. Human social temperaments
are derived from the personality system and the instincts. The yin,
the yang, and the harmonious temperaments produce the collective,
the individualistic, and the harmonious societies, respectively.
The Social-Information Personality System
Information Process Personality system Personality The Big Five
Type (MBTI)
Admission High Sensitivity (S) introvert (I)
Low Assertiveness (A) extrovert (N) Extrovert (E)
Resolution High Distinctness (D) sense (S) Consciousness (C)
Low Network (N) intuition (N)
Action High Goal (G) thinking (T)
Low Context (C) feeling (F) Neuroticism (N)
Openness High Updating (U) perceiving (P) Openness (O)
Low Persistence (P) judging (J)
Social Relation
Commitment High Bonding relation (B) Agreeable (A)
Low Free relation (F)
The Social Temperaments for Primate Social Structures
Social Temperaments Characteristics Primate Social Merrill-Reid
Structures Temperaments
Yin (BNC) Passive (S) –active (A)
Yang (FDG) or flexible Intragroup
or harmony interaction
Yin Passive passive loose Amiable
collective collective
wellbeing society
Yang Passive passive loose Analytical
individualistic individualistic
achievement society
Yin Active active collective tight collective Expressive
wellbeing society
Yang Active active tight Driver
individualistic individualistic
achievement society
Harmony Flexible harmonious harmonious
connection society
1. Personality
In Section 1, the personalities are derived from the brain
structure-neurotransmitters. The proposed personality
system is the social-information personality system. The
two general types of personality are the social relation type
for socialization and the information process type for the
human brain process information like a computer. There are
one factor for the social relation type and four different
factors in the information process type. These four factors
correspond approximately to the four factors in the popular
Myers-Briggs Type MBTI. These four factors in addition to
the social relation type correspond the five factors in the
popular Big Five.
Popular Personality Theories
The two popular theories are the Big Five and Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI).
the Big Five (OCEAN) :
1. openness to experience (appreciation for unusual ideas, imagination,
and curiosity)
2. conscientiousness (tendency to act dutifully rather spontaneously)
3. extraversion (to seek the company of others)
4. agreeableness (tendency to be compassionate and cooperation
rather than suspicious to others)
5. neuroticism (a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily).
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)
1. Introvert-extrovert
2. sense-intuition
3. thinking-feeling
4. judging-perceiving.
The Social-Information Personality System
1. Sociability
Sociability is a function of all social animals. High committed
sociability is bonding relation (denoted as B), while low
committed sociability is free relation (denoted as F).
2. Bonding chemicals
Three bonding chemicals: oxytocin, vasopressin, and edorphin.
Oxytocin sometimes is called “cuddle chemical” that builds bonds
between mates, mother-child, and social members. Vasopressin
processes focus attention to the individuals for the bonding.
Vasopressin is responsible for creating intense loving memories
during passionate situations. Edorphin is a social neurotransmitter
that response to touch and pleasing visual stimulus (such as smile).
3. Male and female
According to Simon Baron-Cohen, the essential difference
between the female brain and the male brain is that the average
female brain favors slightly empathy, and the average male
brain favors slightly in non-social information. Instead of
social contact, the average male brain finds pleasure in
systematizing non-social information. The overlapping of the
male brain and the female brain is significant.
4. Extremes
A genetic example of free relation is autism, which has genetic
impairment in forming social bonding. A genetic example of
bonding relation is Williams Syndrome, which has genetic
impairment to process visual–spatial information, but has
unusually cheerful talkative demeanor and ease with strangers
The Information Process Type
1. Admission
The admission of each set of input data can be high or low. In
computer, program is written to recognize and admit a part of each
set of input data. If every detail in a set of input data is important,
the admission of data is high. In this case, under limited computer
capacity, only few sets of data can be accepted.
2. Harm
In the human mind, the perceived degree of harm determines the
degree of admission. The high perceived degree of harm leads to
the importance of every detail in a set of data, resulting in
sensitivity (represented by S). The low perceived degree of harm
leads to the importance of only few details, resulting in
assertiveness (represented by A).
3. MBTI
According to H. J. Eysenck, extroverts have persistently low
cortical arousal and seek stimulation. The personality of
assertiveness therefore is the personality of extrovert as described
in MBTI and by Eysenck. On the other hand, the personality of
sensitivity is introvert in MBTI. Introverts have persistently high
arousal and avoid stimulation.
4. Neurotransmitters
The behavior is facilitated by neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters
facilitate communication between neurons (nerve cells). Different
neurotransmitters enhance different personality types. Serotonin
(5-HT) enhances the assertiveness type. If excessive amount of
serotonin is in the brain, the brain can become too selective,
expressing as repetition or inactivity. Acetylcholine (Ach) is the
neurotransmitter to enhance sensitivity. Acetylcholine provokes
fear and withdrawal (freezing). Acetylcholine decreases in
Alzheimer’s dementia, so the patient with Alzheimer’s dementia
has trouble in association in terms of memory.
1.3. Resolution: Distinctiveness and Network
Information Process Personality system Personality The Big Five
Type (MBTI)
Resolution High Distinctness (D) sense (S) Consciousness (C)
Low Network (N) intuition (N)
1. Resolution
When computer processes video pictures, it can have many
pictures with coarse details (low resolution) or few pictures with
distinct details (high resolution). The information process type
with the high resolution and low connection is Distinctness
(represented by D), while the information process type with low
resolution and high connection is Network (represented by N).
2. MBTI
According to MBTI, a person with the personality type of
sensing (represented by S) is a specialist, matching with the
distinctness type in the information process type. According to
MBTI, a person with the personality type of intuition (N) is a
generalist, matching with the network type.
3. left brain-right brain
The cortex is divided into the left cortex and the right cortex. The
left cortex, which expresses language, is the cortex for distinctness,
while the right cortex, which is good in orientation, is the cortex
for network
4. male-female
1. Action
In a computer, each information process goes through an operating
system that control the flow of information processing in terms of
priority and scheduling of different information processes. A simple
operating system put all information processes in a context from
which priority and scheduling are determined. Thus, each
information process has a specific goal to reach, while each simple
operating system has a context to arrange all information processes.
In terms of action for actual information output, information process
has much higher action than operating system. In the human mind,
there is also Goal (represented by G) for information process and
Context (represented by C) for operation system.
Goal is action-oriented resulting in the measurable intentional
change. Context is option-oriented resulting in the context for
possible action.
2. The evolutionary origin
The evolutionary origin of Goal and Context is the first
difference between male and female animals. Male animal
carries extremely high number of sperms, while female animal
carries limited number of eggs. During the mating session, the
presence of a female animal with eggs triggers the desire of
action in a male animal. Such action can result in a measurable
intentional goal in terms of mating. On the other hand, to a
female animal, the presence of a male animal is merely an option
for which a context is set for possible action. Such context can
be the show of strength, superiority, and affection. The context is
for possible action. A female animal has much less drive for
action, and much higher ability for the discernment for possible
actions.
Another important action in Goal is problem solving in terms of
removing obstacle during courtship and mating, such as chasing
off another male competitor. Context is emotion with option, and
Goal is emotion with action.
3. MBTI
The free-bonding relation type is closely connected with the goal-
context type because the man-woman difference. For man, the
combination of free relation type and the goal type results in the
thinking type (T) for MBTI. According to MBTI, The thinking
type (T) has characteristics of theoretical, rational, analytical,
purposive, logic, and unconcerned with people's feeling. In terms
of Goal, the thinking type is essentially the action of problem
solving to remove an obstacle. It has a definitive goal to make a
measurable intentional change. For woman, the combination of
the context type and the bonding relation type results in the
feeling type in MBTI. According to MBTI, the feeling type (F)
has characteristics of passionate, warm, personal, artistic, and
concerned with people's feelings.
In the Context, the feeling type does not have a particular propose
to make a measurable intentional change. It is merely to discern
the situation. Since the context type is combined with the bonding
relation type, it concern with people’s feeling.
4. Male and female
On average, the female human brains have a larger deep limbic
system than males. The larger deep limbic brain allows women
more in touch with their feelings to prioritize all possible options.
When the brain at rest without consciously thinking of anything,
men, on average, had higher brain activity in the more ancient and
primitive regions of the limbic system, the parts that are more
involved with action. Women, on average, had more activity in the
newer and more complex parts of the limbic system, which are
involved in feelings . The hypothalamus, which is a tiny structure
at the base of the brain, regulates many basic functions, such as
eating, sleeping, temperature control, and reproduction. One part
of the hypothalamus responsible for sexual behavior is larger in
male brains than in female brains, in human and non-human
5. Extremes
The mental disorders involved are the extreme Goal and the
extreme Context The extreme Goal is the extreme action-oriented
without stopping, resulting in manic. Manic can lead to
psychopath, seeking the unstopping thrill of action. The extreme
Context is the extreme option-oriented without any possible action,
resulting in depression. Depression can result in suicide,
terminating all possible action. Both extremes are the results of
chronic stress in terms of pain and loss.
1.5. Openness: Persistence and Updating
Information Process Personality system Personality The Big Five
Type (MBTI)
Openness High Updating (U) perceiving (P) Openness (O)
Low Persistence (P) judging (J)
1. Openness
An elaborate operating system for a computer not only schedules
information processes but also manipulate and update information
from different information processes. In the human brain, the part
involved in the update is the prefrontal cortex. The large size of
the prefrontal cortex in human is an important difference between
human and other apes. The opposite of update is persistence
which keeps the program constant. The information process type
for the low openness is persistence (represented by P), and for the
high openness is updating (represented by U).
2. MBTI
According to MBTI, the judging type has characteristics of
planned, orderly way, settled, organized, decisive, closeness, and
finishing things. The judging type matches the Persistence type.
The perceiving type has characteristics of flexible, spontaneous,
flexible, tolerant, open option, understand life rather than control
it. This perceiving type matches the Updating type.
3. The prefrontal cortex
The whole updating process involves both the prefrontal cortex
and the rest of the cortex. The prefrontal cortex has extensive
connections to various parts of the brain. The prefrontal cortex
allows a quick switch of strategy in behavior to a change of
circumstance. The reason for such a quick switch of strategy is
that the prefrontal cortex has ample free neuron network which
provides the space to construct a new strategy one after another
free of previous experience and memory.
4. Neurotransmitters
Glutamate is the neurotransmitter for long-term potent (LTP)
which is necessary for the working memory, which in turn is
important for updating. Dopamine enhances the activity of few
selective neurons by inhibiting the activity all other unrelated
and unneeded neurons. Both glutamate and dopamine work
together to accomplish updating.
5. Extremes
The people with damage in the prefrontal cortex cannot construct
a new strategy one right after another. They tend to construct
one strategy, and stay with the same strategy over and over again
even there is a need for another strategy. They fail to select the
most current strategy for their action. The people with damage
in the prefrontal cortex may also persistently follow whatever
command given to them without change. The damage in the
prefrontal cortex is the example for the extreme case of
persistence.
The Big Five
1. Openness correlates to Updating in persistence-updating for the
propensity for adapting to changing information.
2. Conscientiousness relates to Distinctiveness in distinctiveness-
network for the care for focusing attention.
3. Extrovert corresponds to Assertiveness in sensitivity-
assertiveness for the easy to receive incoming information.
4. Agreeable corresponds to bonding relation in bonding relation-
free relation in the way of social life for the propensity to form
trust for social bonding.
5. Neuroticism corresponds to Context in goal–context for
emotion.
The Social-Information Personality System
Information Process Personality system Personality The Big Five
Type (MBTI)
Admission High Sensitivity (S) introvert (I)
Low Assertiveness (A) extrovert (N) Extrovert (E)
Resolution High Distinctness (D) sense (S) Consciousness (C)
Low Network (N) intuition (N)
Action High Goal (G) thinking (T)
Low Context (C) feeling (F) Neuroticism (N)
Openness High Updating (U) perceiving (P) Openness (O)
Low Persistence (P) judging (J)
Social Relation
Commitment High Bonding relation (B) Agreeable (A)
Low Free relation (F)
2. Social Temperaments
In Section 2, the combination of the factors in the personality
system results in the yin personality (BNC) and the yang
personality (FDG) for collective wellbeing and individualistic
achievement, respectively. The social temperaments are the
combination of the yin-yang personalities and the active-passive
intragroup interactions among the basic social units. The
combination results in yin passive, yin active, yang passive, and
yang active, corresponding to Amiable, Expressive, Analytical,
and Drive in the popular Merrill-Reid social style theory. The
additional temperament is harmony that exists only in human.
The instinct for the harmonious temperament (harmonious) is the
conscience instinct that is the combination of the hyper friendly
instinct and the detective instinct (theory of mind), resulting in
maximum eager cooperation without lie. The yin, the yang, and
the harmonious temperaments result in the collective, the
individualistic, and the harmonious societies, respectively.
Personality
SOCIAL TEMPERAMENT
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
loose collective tight collective harmonious tight individualistic loose individualistic
society society society society society
2.1. The Social Temperaments for Social Structures
emote yin
Temperament HARMONY
PERSONALITY
SOCIAL TEMPERAMENT
SOCIAL TEMPERAMENTS AND STRUCTURES
the social instincts
SOCIAL TEMPERAMENT
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
the loose the tight collective the harmonious society the tight the loose
collective society individualistic individualistic
society society society