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Wireless Application Protocol

WAP- Wireless Application Protocol Deck WML HTTP Browser Content

Server WEB

WAP

Gateway WAP IP

WAP browsing exchange


Browser WAP Gateway Web server
Dial connection Initial URL

Content/ Application

Initial URL

Card1

Deck & History


Initial deck Initial deck

Initial URL Initial deck

Initial deck

Initial card Within deck scripting HREF HREF URL HREF URL HREF URL New deck

CardX
New cards

New deck New deck WTAI

New deck

phone

Drop Dial connection

WAP Protocol Stack


Wireless Markup Language WAP Binary XML Content Format Wireless Session Protocol (incl. HTTP1.1) Wireless Transaction Protocol Wireless Transport Layer Security Wireless Datagram Protocol (or UDP) bearers IP HTTP TCP HTML

Samples

Wireless Markup Language - WML


XML based Language Emphasis, Alignment, Tables Buttons (Navigation mechanisms) Actions Variables Script Images - WBMP & local & alternate text

Wireless Markup Language


Prologue (XML/WML version) Deck Template (defaults for cards in deck) Card Do Paragraphs Input

Sample deck
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> <wml> <template> <do type="options" label="Help"> <go href="#helpcard" /> </do> <!- <do type="options" label="Back"><prev/></do> --> </template> <card id="intro" title="Intro"> <do type="accept" label="Go!" optional="false"> <go href="#startcard"/> </do> <p>Welcome to myWAP! </p></card> <card id="startcard" title="Content"> <p>In the wonderful world of <em>WAP</em>, there is much intro, but no content.</p></card> <card id="helpcard" title="Help"> <p>As usual, no help is available</p></card> </wml>

More examples
Phone.com Microsoft

Accept

Back

Form processing
<wml> <card id="login" title="login"> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <do type="accept" label="outbox" optional="false"> <go href="#outbox"/> </do> <p><img localsrc="outbox" src="" alt=""/> To:<input name="email" emptyok="false" maxlength="128" format="*a\@*a"/><br/> Password: <input name="pwd" type="password" maxlength="32" format="*N"/></p></card> <card id="outbox" title="Outbox" ontimer="#send"> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <timer name="thinktime" value="100"/> <do type="accept" label="send"><go href="#send"/> </do> <p>Send '$(pwd)' to $(email)?</p></card> <card id="send"> <onevent type="onenterforward"> <go href="http://mango/cgi-bin/wap-send-email.sh?$(email)"/></onevent> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <p>Failed to send to $(email).</p></card> </wml>

Dynamic WML
Same techniques as for HTML, but set content-type Detect agent type (name, supports, ) Cookies & rewriting Available buttons, e.g. back Screen size Image support

Gateways
Identity Compilation Size restriction Speed Limit of size of the WEB accessible gateway
Compress +Security wireless cookies Captive WEB

Browsers
Phones PDAs Simulators

Browser consistency
Buttons Cookies History Timers FILE:// Cache bugs Images Bold/italic, WMLscript POST method WTAI Security WML compilation Proxy authentication

Limitations of technology
Screen size, resolution, colour Input devices Bandwidth Latency Deck size

Future
More bandwidth (3G wireless) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecom System User Agent Profiles Security Location determination Local services/always on

Alternative
NTT DoCoMo iMode Unwired Planet (Phone.com) - HDML

References
http://www.wapforum.org http://developer.phone.com http://forum.nokia.com http://mobileinternet.ericsson.se http://www.developer.ericsson.com.au http://www.winwap.com http://www.microsoft.com/mobile/phones/mme http://www.nttdocomo.com citron:/home/horton/doc/WAP/WAP.ppt (these slides) http://mango/home/ (for WML content type) http://zero:81/index.wml

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