Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presentation outline
Role of turbine governing Governing Method Types of Governing systems Functional division of Governing Ckt Component of Turbine governing
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
TURBINE GOVERNING
Role of turbine governing Governing Method Types of Governing systems Functional division of Governing Ckt Component of Turbine governing
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
Governor characteristics
The main characteristics of a governing system is therefore the relationship between the generated load of the machine and its speed which is the prime governor input. This is known as the speed-loop droop or frequency regulation characteristics of the governor. Considering NR: Rated speed, NPR : Speed at full load NO: Speed at No load The steady state overall frequency regulation is defined as
N
7 July 2011
N PR
R
'100
6
PMI Revision 00
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
Load in % 100%
0% 50 Hz
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
48
49
50
51
52
- 50 %
7 July 2011 PMI Revision 00 Load 11
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
12
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
13
Governing Methods To control load, the turbine can be either NOZZLE CONTROLLED or THROTTLE CONTROLLED with the unit in both cases operating at constant steam pressure or variable pressure or a combination of two
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
14
THROTTLE GOVERNING In throttle controlled turbines, steam flow is controlled by opening and closing of all the control valves simultaneously to the extent required by load and admitting the steam to the group of nozzles located on the entire periphery
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
15
NOZZLE GOVERNING In nozzle controlled turbines, steam flow is controlled by sequential opening or closing of control valves allowing steam to flow to associated nozzle groups
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
16
1. MECHANICAL 2. HYDRAULIC 3. ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC 4. Any Combination Of Above Three Commonly Used System ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC GOVERNING (EHG)
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
17
MECHANICAL In mechanical governing system, speed transducer is mechanical centrifugal type speed governor, which actuates control valves through mechanical linkages. Now-a-days purely mechanical governing systems are not used for utility turbines.
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
18
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
19
Hydraulic Governor
A hydraulic Governor for a turbine consists of a centrifugal pump driven from the main shaft which supplies oil to a cylinder containing a spring loaded piston or bellows. The pressure is proportional to the square of the speed, so the position of the piston or bellows is a function of speed.
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
20
HYDRAULIC
In hydraulic governing system , speed transducer is a centrifugal pump , whose discharge pressure is proportional to square of speed. This signal is sent to hydraulic converter / transformer which generates signal proportional to valve opening / closure required. Before applying the signal to control valve servomotors, the same is suitably amplified
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
21
ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC
This system provides very good combination of electrical measuring & signal processing and hydraulic controls. It offers many advantages over other three types of governing systems and is popular in large steam turbine units due to growing automation of turbine and generator sets.
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
22
Electrical governor
Common design incorporates a permanent type shaft driven permanent magnet generator producing an a.c. wave having frequency of shaft speed. This wave is fed into an electric filter that resonates at a frequency corresponding to rated speed and the output is rectified to produce a d.c signal proportional to difference between rated and actual speed. This signal is amplified to form required speed correction signal. Another design utilizes digital signals from a shaft driven square wave generator, the output is compared with a reference square wave signal generated by an oscillator. The output of the comparator is rectified and amplified to form required control signal.
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
23
Automatic Controller With All Integrated Functions Can Work With CMC Safety And Protection
FEATURES
Manual Controller Safety And Protection Tracks To Main Controller (CAN TAKE OVER IN CASE OF FAILURE OF MAIN CONTROLLER)
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
24
Hydraulic Governing
1. Output signal ( Aux. Secondary Fluid Pr.) is a function of
i) Speed Signal ( Primary Oil Pressure ) ii) Remote / Local Command
2. It can never be isolated from the system 3. Normally it acts as back-up of EHG. 4. Must be resorted to for Resetting of Governing System
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
25
HYDRAULIC GOVERNING
HYD. SPEED TRANS.
HYD. PRESS. SIGNAL
IP SEC OIL
HPCV SERVO.
MECHANICAL COUPLING
IPCV SERVO.
MECHANICAL COUPLING
7 July 2011
HPCV
PMI Revision 00
IPCV
26
ELECTRO-HYD. GOVERNING
ELEC. SPEED SENSOR
ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
HP SEC. OIL
IP SEC OIL
HPCV SERVO.
MECHANICAL COUPLING
IPCV SERVO.
MECHANICAL COUPLING
7 July 2011
HPCV
PMI Revision 00
IPCV
28
3. 4.
5.
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
29
GOVERNING SYSTEM
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
30
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
31
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
32
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
33
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
34
CONTROLLER Regulating Opening of control valves Testing Circuit ( ATT Automatic Turbine Testing )
SAFETY CIRCUIT a) Closure of Stop Valves b) Temporary Closure of Control Valves
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
35
HP & IP Stop Valve Servo Motors Actuators of CRH NRV & Extraction
lines FCNRV
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
36
COMPONENTS OF CONTROLLER
PRIMARY OIL PUMP STARTUP AND LOAD LIMITING DEVICE HYDRAULIC AMPLIFIER ELECTRO HYDRAULIC CONVERTER CONTROL VALVE SERVO MOTOR PILOT VALVES AND FOLLOWUP PISTONS
7 July 2011 PMI Revision 00 37
COMPONENTS OF ATT MAIN TRIP VALVE CHANGE OVER VALVE OVERSPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE LOW VACUUM TRIP TEST STOP VALVE TEST VALVE TEST SOLENOIDS RESET SOLENOIDS
7 July 2011 PMI Revision 00 38
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
40
STARTUP OIL
ORIGIN
GETS GENERATED FROM 8 BAR CONTROL FLUID AT STARTUP AND LOAD LIMITING DEVICE. FUNCTION HELPS IN OPENING OF STOP VALVE
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
41
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
42
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
43
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
44
TRIP OIL
ORIGIN GETS GENERATED FROM 8 BAR CONTROL FLUID AT MAIN TRIP VALVE. FUNCTION FEEDS THE AUXILIARY TRIP OIL CIRCUIT (SAFETY DEVICES) FEEDS CONTROL CIRCUIT (SIGNAL OIL) OPERATES STOP VALES
7 July 2011 PMI Revision 00 45
SECONDARY OIL
ORIGIN GETS GENERATED FROM TRIP OIL AT HYDRAULIC AMPLIFIER OR ELECTRO HYDRULIC CONVERTER FUNCTION IT IS THE SIGNAL OIL FOR THE CONTROL VALES OPENING PRESSURE OF THIS OIL DECIDES THE OPENING OF CONTROL VALVES.
7 July 2011 PMI Revision 00 47
Closing/opening of CV
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
48
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
49
FUNCTION IT IS THE SIGNAL OIL FOR GENERATION OF SECONDARY OIL PRESSURE AT HYDRAULIC AMPLIFIER PRESSURE OF THIS OIL DECIDES THE OPENING OF CONTROL VALVES WHILE IN HYDRAULIC GOVERNER.
7 July 2011 PMI Revision 00 50
PRIMARY OIL
ORIGIN GETS GENERATED FROM LUBE OIL BY PRIMARY OIL PUMP
FUNCTION IT IS THE SPEED SENSING SIGNAL FOR THE HYDRAULIC GOVERNER PRESSURE OF THIS OIL VARIES WITH SPEED OF THE TURBINE.
7 July 2011 PMI Revision 00 51
TEST OIL
ORIGIN GETS GENERATED FROM LUBE OIL AT OVER SPEED TRIP TEST VALVE.
FUNCTION IT IS THE INJECTION OIL FOR OPERATING THE FLY BALL OF MECHANICAL OVER SPEED TRIP DEVICE.
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
52
7 July 2011
53
TESTOIL
CONTROL OIL AUX. STARTUP OIL AUX. TRIP OIL CONTROL OIL CONTROL OIL
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
54
HYDRAULIC AMPLIFIER
SECONDARY OIL
CONTROL OIL
TRIP OIL
CONTROL OIL
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
55
Governing Oil
Name of oil Control oil Aux Start up oil Start up oil Aux trip oil Trip oil Primary oil Aux pipeline colour source yellow MOP/AOP Orange white Filtered oil Orange do Red white do Red do green
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
56
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
57
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
58
Follow Mode
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
59
7 July 2011
60
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
61
THANK YOU
7 July 2011
PMI Revision 00
62