At

the end of the lesson, the students should be able to identify and list down the examples of resources on earth that are needed to sustain life

In pair, list down everything that a human needs in order to sustain life on Earth. (5 minutes) Present and discuss it with other peers and teacher. (10 minutes) Classify each component listed earlier into suitable groups. (10 minutes)

Woods Herbs Cotton Silk Milk Meat Leather Fruits

Vegetables Grain Cooking oil

Water Air Soil Minerals Fossil fuels Metals Non-metals

Make up 70% of the Earths surface Water is needed for transportation of nutrients and oxygen in plants and animals. Water is needed by the green plants to make food during photosynthesis. Water is needed to remove wastes from our body

Contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, inert gases and water vapour. Is needed for respiration in all living organisms. Oxygen helps burning. Carbon dioxide helps photosynthesis Nitrogen slows down combustion.

Food comes from plants and animals. Provide nutrients to sustain life.

Soil is the topmost layer of the Earths crust Soil is a mixture of sand particles, clay, humus, minerals, water, air, organisms and microorganisms Humus is formed from the remains of rotten plants and animals. Uses for farming Habitat for organisms such as earthworms, ants, etc.

Minerals are elements or compounds which occur in the Earths crust naturally. Copper : make electrical cables and wires Iron : make steel for construction Aluminium : make kitchen utensil

Petroleum, coal, natural gas. Fossils fuels are formed from partially decayed living things that died millions years ago. Sources of energy power for :

Vehicles Power stations Machinery in factories

Plants and animals Cotton : make cloth Fish : food Wood : furniture Herbs : medicine

The various resources on Earth exists as:

Elements simplest form of matter Compounds chemically combined

elements Mixtures physically mixed elements

All (living and nonliving) of the different kinds of matter in the universe is made from about 100 different substances, called elements.

Elements are called the building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of elements. Each element is made up of the same type of atoms. An atom is the smallest particle in an element. They cannot be broken into anything else by physical or chemicals means.

Carbon atoms Iron atoms Sulphur atoms Oxygen molecules Ozone molecules Hydrogen molecules

Elements can be classified into TWO major groups:

Metals Non-metals

The properties of metals and non-metals:

Surface appearance Malleability Brittleness Heat and electricity conductivity Boiling and melting points

Metals Sodium, copper, iron, aluminium, gold, silver, lead, calcium, mercury, magnesium, platinum and zinc

Non metals Carbon, phosphorus, iodine, sulphur, bromine, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, neon, argon, krypton, fluorine, chlorine, helium and radon Have dull surfaces Brittle and snap easily Poor heat conductors Cannot conduct electricity (except carbon) Have low melting and boiling points

Have shiny surfaces Ductile can be pulled into wires Malleable can be beaten into various shapes Good conductors of heat and electricity High melting and boiling points

compound has properties different than the elements that make it up. The parts of a compound are present in specific ratios. pure substances that are the unions of two or more elements. They can be broken into simpler substances by chemical means only.

Water = Hydrogen + Oxygen Alloy = Iron + Chromium Brass = Copper + Zinc Carbon dioxide = carbon + oxygen Ammonia = Nitrogen + Hydrogen

Most matter in the universe is found in mixtures. A mixture is made up of two or more substances either elements, compounds or both - that are physically combined. It can be by stirring, shaking, mixing or dissolving. We can separate and get the originals back!!

Mixtures Air

Components Oxygen, nitrogen, inert gases, carbon dioxide, microorganisms, dust, water vapour Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water Water, lemon, sugar, tea Jelly, kidney beans, ice, water, ice-cream, sweet corns, cherry, groundnuts

Blood

Iced lemon tea Ice Kacang

The surface of a copper rod and a piece of sulphur are examined carefully. Both copper plate and the sulphur are rubbed with sandpaper. The surfaces of both objects are observed. Copper shines while sulphur remains dull

Metals have shiny surfaces. Non metals have dull surface

An iron nail is put into a mortar and pounded with a pestle. Then, a piece of sulphur s put into a mortar and pounded with a pestle. The iron nail changes shape when beaten. Sulphur breaks easily when beaten.

Metals are malleable. Non metals are brittle.

A circuit is connected as shown in the following figure. Connect the circuit with a copper plate. Then, connect the circuit with a piece of sulphur. The bulb lights up when the copper plate is connected but does not when the sulphur is connected

Metals are good electrical conductors. Non metals are poor electrical conductors.

 Metals

are good heat conductors. Non metal are poor heat conductors. Can you give 3 examples of good and poor heat conductors, each?

Compound Through chemical reactions Heat is absorbed or released New substance is formed New properties are formed Ratio of components is fixed

Differences Formation Energy change Formation of new substance Properties of components Composition

Mixture Through physical methods No heat change No new substance Properties of components remain Ratio of components is not fixed Physical processes

Chemical processes Separation methods

Element Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Aluminium Copper Gold Mercury

Compound Water Ammonia Acid Limestone Salt Starch Carbon dioxide Fat

Mixture Seawater Bronze Steel Petroleum Pewter Brass Soil Air

Using magnet Filtration Distillation Using a strainer Evaporation Using separating funnel