Industrial Applications of Computers

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

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CAM/DNC/CNC


Definitions:
 CAM:

Computer Aided Manufacturing. A computercontrolled manufacturing process. A system using a computer to control a process. Systems range from three-axis NC mills to full factory automation  DNC: Direct Numerical Control  CNC: Computer Numerical Control. The use of a dedicated computer as a control system for an NC machine

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CAD/CAM integration
 The

CAD model data generated during the design process can be utilized further by the Computer Aided Manufacturing process. A good CAD/CAM system eliminates the need to manually calculate tangencies or to do the trigonometry required to calculate tool paths, saving valuable programming time. It also provides a consistent finish and predictable results.

http://www.engineeringzones.com/cam_nc.htm

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How to integrate CAD/CAM (1)

CAD Program
Computer Aided Design
 Geometry of part

DXF File

CAM Program
Computer Aided Manufacturing
 Program the part

NC File

CNC Program
Computer Numerical Control
 Produce the part Milling Lathe Electric Discharge

is created (3D or 2D; surface or solid)

with G/M-codes

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How to integrate CAD/CAM (2)

Start Plan Process Load DXF file Select a layer Select a milling operation Enter cutting Parameters List NC file (Optional) Save NC File Select another layer? Generate tool path End Verify NC Program Mill Part

Planning
Create CAD Drawing Convert drawing to DXF

CNC

CAD
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CAM

Machining Operations
Milling Turning Electrical

Discharge Machining (EDM)

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CNC Machining Centers

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CNC Lathe

http://customer.manufacture.com.tw/~likon/lnc.htm

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CNC Lathe

Driven tools for complex drilling and milling operations as well as a complete counter spindle for machining the work pieces counter sides. Price: from 215,610 Euro http://www.gildemeister.com/gb/dreh.asp?ID=9
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Application Examples (Turning)

http://www.gildemeister.com/gb/3_3_2_22.htm

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EDM


The generic term EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) can be applied to any machining process that uses an electrode to remove metal, or any other conductive material, from a work piece by generating sparks between conducting surfaces. This is being performed in a dielectric fluid to prevent premature spark discharge. Wire EDM uses a traveling wire electrode that passes through the work piece, the wire is, at all times, monitored by the machines internal computer system. This process can be seen as a very high precision band saw that can hold tolerances of +/.0002. http://mercatech.com/

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Distinction Absolute/Incremental
 Absolute measuring


 Incremental measuring


one absolute coordinate system using (XYZ) location P

from point to point

Q
 

3 left and 2 up
 x=

P (-1/1); Q (2/-1)

-3 / y= 2

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Variables in Machining Process

 Cutting

tools: type, size, and tool material lead to different feed rates and spindle speeds  Materials: lead to different feed rates and spindle speeds

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Variables in Machining Process

Work Material

Cutting Speeds in SFPM

End Mills HSS Carbide 300 150 Fly cutters 600 1200 Drills 125 250 Reamers HSS 60 Carbide 120 HSS Carbide HSS Carbide

Aluminum Cast iron Soft Hard Stainless Steel

90 50 60

180 100 120

450 400 400

900 800 800

90 70 70

180 140 140

40 35 35

80 70 70

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Milling Tools and Tool Inserts

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NC Programming Codes (G/M) - A Selection

M-Codes (Miscellaneous Codes)  M00 Pause  M02 End of Program  M03 Spindle Motor on  M05 Spindle Motor off  M06 Tool Change

G-Codes  G00 Rapid traverse positioning  G01 Feedrate Movement Linear  G02 Feedrate Movement Circular clockwise  G03 Feedrate Movement Circular counterclockwise  G90 Absolute Coordinates  G91 Incremental Coordinates

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Milling Operations

 

Most of the following operations have special G-codes:

Facing: removes material across the top surface Contouring: removes material to a specified depth along a CAD geometry Drilling: uses points identified on a CAD layer to drill holes to a specified depth Pocketing: removes all material within the outline of a CAD geometry Surface of Revolution: removes all material within a surface generated by revolving geometry about the X or Y axis

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Leading CAM Software

 Mastercam: http://www.mastercam.com/mainFrame4.htm  Unigraphics:

http://www.ugsolutions.com/products/unigraphics/  SmartCAM: http://www.sdrc.com/support/smartcam/support.shtml  EZ-CAM: http://ezcam.com/support.htm  Other Links: http://msnhomepages.talkcity.com/CerfSt/cadcamworld/navig .htm



Pro Engineer (http://www.ptc.com/)

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