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This electric power is generated in a power plant, and then sent out over a power grid to your homes, and ultimately to our power outlets.
A thermal power station having very heavy instrumentation system, the main instrument of a thermal power station are:
Boiler Boiler drum Boiler Furnace Coal handling plant Ash handling plant Economiser Super heater Air preheater Steam turbine Condenser Electrostatic precipitator
Cooling tower Dearator Boiler feed pump Induced draught Forced draught Alternator Stack Transformers
Air Preheater:
An Air preheater increases the temperature of the air supplied for coal burning by deriving heat from flue gases. The air preheater extracts heat from flue gases and increases the temperature of air used for coal combustion. The principal benefits of preheating the air are-increased thermal efficiency . The air pre heater is made up of Buckets, in which 3 layer of buckets are put on each other, in the middle of layer, a motor is held, which is rotate on its own axis, Air pre heater heat up the air given to the boiler.
Boiler
Boiler is the main part of a thermal station . The walls of the boiler made up of thousands of tubes called water walls. And the water is flowing through these tubes, boiler is insulated from outside by the insulating material.
BOILER TUBES
Boiler Drum
Super heater:
A superheater is a device which superheats the steam, it raises the temperature of steam above boiling point of water. This increases the overall efficiency of the steam. A superheater consists of a group of tubes made of special alloy such as chromiummolybdenum. These tubes are heated by the heat of the flue gases during heir journey from the furnace to the chimney.
Steam turbine
For more complex than a windmill, it consists of stationary and rotating blades mounted on a common shaft and arranged in stages.
First Stage/High Pressure Stage : Steam issuing from the nozzle pushes against the blades and causes the shaft to turn. The steam gives up some of its energy in turning the blades and leaves the first stage at lower pressure and temperature. Second stage /Intermediate Pressure Stage: activated by the same steam and gives up some more energy in turning the blades here. Third Stage/Low Pressure stage the same steams enters this stage at a lower temperature and pressure .1/3 of steam energy is given up in the three stages and leaves the third stage as Exhaust Steam .
Economizers:
The purpose of economizer is to heat feed water so as to recover a part of heat, Which would otherwise be lost through flue gases.
ECONOMIZER TUBES
Dearator:
A Dearator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air and other dissolved gases from the feed water to steam generating boilers. In particular, dissolved oxygen in boiler feed waters will cause serious
corrosion damage in steam systems by attaching to the walls of metal piping and other metallic equipment and forming oxides.
Condenser:
The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger in which cooling water is circulated through the tubes. The exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine enters the shell where it is cooled and converted to condensate (water) by flowing over the tubes as shown in the adjacent diagram. Such condensers use steam ejectors or rotary motor-driven exhausters for continuous removal of air and gases from the steam side to maintain vacuum.
Turbo Generator :
Generator is the main part of thermal power station or any power plant. A generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Turbine is Mechanically Coupled with the Steam Turbine.
STACK
A flue gas stack is a type of chimney, a vertical pipe, channel or similar structure through which combustion product gases called flue gases are exhausted to the outside air. Flue gases are produced when coal, oil, natural gas, wood or any other fuel is combusted in an industrial furnace, a power plant's steam-generating boiler, or other large combustion device. Flue gas is usually composed of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor as well as nitrogen and excess oxygen remaining from the intake combustion air. It also contains a small percentage of pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.
Principle of Operation:
The flue gas laden with fly ash is sent through ducts having negatively charged plates which give the particles a negative charge. The particles are then routed past positively charged plates, or grounded plates, which attract the now negatively-charged ash particles. The particles stick to the positive plates until they are collected by periodically rapping.