Presented by:

MR. JAKE D. DIPUTADO, RN

The Perioperative Learner

y May be a medical, nursing, or surgical technology

student enrolled in a formal educational program or a newly hired orientee y Some nursing schools offer basic exposure to perioperative nursing, either as part of the core curriculum or as elective. y After graduating from the nursing school, YOU need further education before functioning as a perioperative professional.

The Perioperative Learner

y Special education may take place in a postbasic /

postgraduate perioperative nursing course offered by a college or a hospital orientation program. y Perioperative caregivers new to a particular practice setting should learn the specific performance standards of that institution. All personnel go through an ORIENTATION PROCESS to familiarize themselves with the philosophy, goals, policies, procedures, role expectations, and physical facilities specific to that institution.

The Perioperative Learner

y ALL learners in the perioperative environment are

ADULTS and do not want to be treated as children. y Treating an ADULT learner as a child is counterproductive and becomes a barrier to learning. y Not everyone learns at the same speed or assimilates new information in the same manner. y Learning styles vary among individuals and are influenced by both INTERNAL and EXTERNAL factors.

Seven (7) Learning Skills / Types of Intelligence (Howard Garner)

y Visual Spatial  Very environmentally aware; learns well by observation, puzzles, graphics, and modelling y Bodily kinesthetic  Keen sense of motion and hands-on sense; communicates well by physical practice y Musical  Learns well by listening and use of multimedia; frequently learns well with music in the background

Seven (7) Learning Skills / Types of Intelligence (Howard Garner)

y Interpersonal  Group dynamics and study sessions work well y Intrapersonal  Learns well through self-study and independence; highly self-motivated and disciplined y Linguistic  Very good with language and auditory skill; learns affectively through lectures and explanation y Logical Mathematical  Prefers to investigate and solve problems; conceptual thinking precedes detailing with these learners

TAKE NOTE!
y Each facility should clearly define the role of the

perioperative learner. y The perioperative nurse is more involved more direct patient care and decision making through physical assessment. y Learners are not expected to assume responsibilities for which they are not fully prepared.

TAKE NOTE!
y Only through continued study and experience can

individuals qualify as team members in the perioperative environment. y The perioperative nurse will be functioning in interchangeable SCRUB and CIRCULATING roles.

The Perioperative Educator

y Refers to the person responsible for planning,

implementing, and evaluating the learners experiences in the classroom and clinical perioperative setting. y The perioperative educator must be experienced. y May include preceptors and qualified registered nurses.

Personal Attributes
DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES
Empathy Conscientious Efficiency

MEASURABLE BEHAVIORS
Develop a sense of what a patient is feeling No compromise in the quality of care Organized and properly prepared. Time is not wasted duplicating steps. Genuine caring and perceptiveness for the patient and the team Accepting of the ideas of others

Sensitivity

Open minded

Personal Attributes
DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES
Flexible and adaptable Supportive Communicative Listens

MEASURABLE BEHAVIORS
Able to cope with changes in routine Nonjudgmental and sincere approach to relationships Exchanges information in a professional manner Accepts and receives information in a professional manner Hostility and anger have no place in the perioperative environment

Even tempered

Personal Attributes
DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES
Versatile Analytic Creative Sense of humor Manual dexterity Stamina

MEASURABLE BEHAVIORS
Knowledgeable and can trouble shoot Knowing how and why for each task Able to innovate solutions Eases tension at appropriate times Good eye hand coordination Capable of standing for prolonged periods

Personal Attributes
DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES
Hygiene Ethics Curiosity

MEASURABLE BEHAVIORS
Body odors cause discomfort for the team Strong sense of truth, honor, and goodness Desire to know and learn new things

Communication
y Essential for exchanging information with other people. y Necessary for successful interpersonal relationships and serves to clarify actions. y Proactive

when an idea or intent is relayed to another y Reactive when a response is received y Effective only when the patient and the caregivers understand one another y A key element is to demonstrate appropriate body language to match the spoken word (nonverbal communication).

Teamwork
y TEAM a group of two or more persons who recognize

common goals and coordinate their efforts to achieve these goals. y HEALTH CARE TEAM includes ALL personnel relating to the patient those in direct patient contact, and those in other departments whose services are essential and contribute indirectly to patient care. y Interdependence characterizes a team without the other members, the goals cannot be met. y The team approach to patient care should be a coordinated effort that is performed with the cooperation of all caregivers.

Teamwork
y The common GOAL of the perioperative team is

effective delivery of care in a safe, efficient, and timely manner. y Mutual respect is the foundation of teamwork. Respect is shown through collaboration, cooperation, and truthful communication. y Teamwork requires the commitment and effort of team members to increase productivity, ensure quality performance, and participate in problem solving by communicating and cooperating with one another.

Clinical Competence
y On the basis of experience and performance, patient

care personnel can be categorized as novice, competent, proficient, or expert.

Historical Background
Practitioners of the healing arts have been both revered and feared. They have been depicted as magicians, holy men, and deities. Without knowledge of the germ theory, mass epidemics that were not cured by local healers were considered suspect for demonic influence.

Historical Background
Hippocrates (460 377 BC)  Father of Medicine ; instituted training for men who would administer the treatments and therapies prescribed by the physician of the time Aristotle (384 322 BC) Wrote The Golden Cabinet of Secrets, a collection of herbal remedies that included antispasmodics, astringents, sedatives, laxatives, and stimulants Alexander the Great and Cleopatra used this herbal guide.

Hippocrates

Aristotle

Historical Background
Travelling health care was started in the 9th and 10th centuries by military and religious groups. 1050 35 years before the start of the first Crusade, a hospital for the ill wad dedicated in Jerusalem by the Knight Hospitallers of Saint John. Later on, churches ceased control of hospitals during the reformation of the 18th century. Free care from religious personnel was replaced with low-pain, uneducated workers. Most of the tasks were unpleasant and menial, and cleanliness was not a prime consideration. Hospitals became filthy dens of death.

Historical Background
John Howard (1726 - 1790) wrote a book which exposed the deplorable conditions in hospitals and prisons. Many patients were treated worse than prisoners were. Personal possessions were stolen, and barbaric treatments resembled torture. Physicians wore bloody aprons during surgery and did not change or wash them between patients. Instruments were rarely even wiped clean between uses. Handwashing was considered unimportant. Decisions were made about treatments without consulting the patient or family. Undesired outcomes of care were commonly blamed on divine punishment.

Historical Background
Early 19th Century Florence Nightingale (1820 1910 ) Identification of the nurse as a skilled worker under the direction of the physician, who was the architect of medical treatment. The environment and cleanliness ultimately affected patient health. Perioperative care is grounded in the control of the environment and the cleanliness of the devices therein. Developed the Environmental Theory of patient care.

Remember!!!
y Both perioperative nurses and surgical technologists

work toward a common objective providing the safest possible care so that patients achieve favorable surgical outcomes. y The perioperative nurse is responsible for the development of the patient-centered plan of care, which is the application of the nursing process, scientific principles, judgment, skills, and professional competencies.

Terms Associated with Professional Patient Care

y Accountability

answering for the performance of a

service or task y Advocacy active support; acting in the client s behalf y Licensure approval for practice granted by a governmental agency for a predetermined period of time, after which the approval process is repeated y Obligation duty or promise

Terms Associated with Professional Patient Care

vocation in a specialty requiring extensive education in the liberal and scientific arts y Responsibility social, moral, or legal duty y Rights power or possession of privilege
y Profession