Grammar: The Basics

This or That ?
Which image do you see?

A vase or two faces?

A young girls face or an old womans face?

Sentences Construction
Objective


Understand the difference between SVO / SOV

Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction

Sentence Structure

Subject +Verb+Object I + eat + food

Subject +Object +Verb I + food + eat

Gamer Grammar
Objective


Identify the commonly made mistakes while speaking in English To increase fluency in English

Building Bl c

Parts Of Speech

Noun


Noun: is a word used as the name, animal, place, or thing. Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary Place: home, office, town, countryside Animal: dog, cat, horse, monkey Thing: book, pen, room, tree

   

Parts Of Speech

Noun
Types Of Nouns
    

Common Noun Proper Noun Collective Noun Abstract Noun Countable / Uncountable Nouns

Parts Of Speech

Noun


Common Noun
Is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. E.g.
 City,

man, boat, and radio

Parts Of Speech

Noun


Proper Noun
Name of a specific person, place or thing. E.g.

Eiffel Tower, India, Mr. Will Smith, Nokia

Parts Of Speech

Noun


Collective Noun
Name of a number ( or collection) of persons or things taken together and spoken of as a whole.

E.g.
 

A Crowd -a collection of people An Army - collection of soldiers

Parts Of Speech

Noun


Abstract Noun
Is usually the name of a quality, action, or state.

E.g.
  

Quality - kindness, darkness, honesty Action - laughter, theft State - sleep, sickness

Parts Of Speech

Noun


Countable Noun
(or countables) are the names of objects, people, etc. that we can count. E.g. book, pen, apple, boy

Uncountable noun
(or uncountables) are the names of things which cannot count. E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil

Parts Of Speech

Noun

Lisa works as a programmer at Microsoft.

Let's have lunch at McDonalds.

Mc Donalds

Mc Donalds

Parts Of Speech

Noun


The sun sheds its beams on rich and poor alike. Edward was a great king. The rose smells sweet. A flock of sheep is passing by. George was a brave soldier.

   

Name, Place, Animal, Thing




Fun time
Lets play Name, Place, Animal, Thing with a difference Proper Noun Common Noun Collective Noun Abstract Noun

Peter

Postman

Poultry

Prayer

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun


Pronoun: is a word used instead of a noun.

E.g.
   

Tim is absent, because he is ill. This book is mine. It is doubtful whether he will come for the party. Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
E.g.


Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary is beautiful. With pronouns, we can say:

Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is beautiful.

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun


Personal Pronoun:
I, we, you, he, (she, it), are called Personal Pronouns because they stand for three persons.

E.g.
  

The person speaking This is my book The person spoken to Those are your books The person spoken of- That is her book

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun



Anybody Each

Indefinite Pronoun
Refers to noun that are indefinite. E.g. Either None Someone One Few

 

One evening a beggar came to my door. Somebody stole the mangoes.

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun


Relative Pronoun- such as that, who,

This, That

which, whose and whom which give extra These, Those information about the subject. E.g.


Who, Whom

The woman who interviewed me was very Whose, Which friendly. I can't stand dogs that bark loudly. What

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
Myself



Reflexive Pronoun
Pronouns combined with self or selves to emphasize the subject of the verb.

Yourself Himself Ourselves

E.g. I hurt myself.

Themselves

Parts Of Speech

Pronoun
Person and Number First Person Singular First Person Plural Second Person Singular Second Person Plural Third Person Singular Third Person Plural Subjective I We You You Possessive Mine Ours Yours Yours ubjective Me Us You You

He / she / it His / hers / its Him / her / it They Theirs They

Lie detector
I love scuba diving

Lets have some fun

I am born in New York

I love Chinese Food

Parts Of Speech

Adjectives


An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun, pronoun or another adjective. An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun. Adjectives can be used before a noun or after certain verbs. We can often use two or more adjectives together. A big car I like Chinese food It is a tough decision A beautiful young French lady

E.g.
   

Parts Of Speech

Adjectives
Adjective Patterns:
 

Adjectives can come before noun: a new car Adjectives can come after verbs: such as be, become, seem, look, etc.: that car looks fast They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car

Name Chain
Hi! Im Witty William

Fun Time
Hi! Thats Witty William, this is Energetic Esther and I am Helpful Henry

Hi! This is my friend Witty William And I am Energetic Esther

Parts Of Speech

Verb
Verb: is a word that tells something about a person or thing.
E.g.
 

The sun shines brightly. Harry laughs.

Parts Of Speech

Verb
Types of Verbs
   

Auxiliary Verbs Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs Modal Verbs

Parts Of Speech

Verb


Auxiliary Verb: To Do, Be and Have are the English auxiliary verbs / helping verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show tenses. Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity.
E.g. Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should

Parts Of Speech

Verb


Regular Verb: A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for the past simple and past participles. E.g. walk / walked / walked

Irregular Verb: An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for the Past Simple and Past Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.

Parts Of Speech

Verb
Types of Verbs


Irregular Verbs
Base Form
Shut Read Sit Build Know See

Past Tense
Shut Read Sat Built Knew Saw

Past Participle
Shut Read Sat Built Known Seen

Parts Of Speech

Verb
Characteristics of Verbs


Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence. Chris paints well.

E.g.


Verbs must agree in person (first, second, etc.) and number (singular and plural) with the subject of the sentence. She sings sweetly. They sing sweetly.

E.g.

Parts Of Speech

Adverb


Adverb - An adverb is a word that tells us

more about a verb. An adverb "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also modify adjectives, or even other adverbs.

E.g.
  

The man ran quickly. Tara is really beautiful. The Cell phone works very well.

Parts Of Speech

Adverb
Characteristics of Adverb
1.

Function The main job of an adverb is to modify (give more information about) verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. Modify a verb: - John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?) - Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?) - She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)
(In the following examples, the adverb is in red and the word that it modifies is in purple.)

Parts Of Speech

Adverb
2.


Form
Many adverbs end in -ly. E.g. quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly. But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs. E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective. Some adverbs have no particular form. E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still

Parts Of Speech

Adverb
3. Position Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:


Front (before the subject): - Now we will study adverbs. Middle (between the subject and the main verb): - We often study adverbs. End (after the verb or object): - We study adverbs carefully.

Dumbverb



Lets have some fun

Enact the given adverbs while the class guesses the same.

E.g.
Harry and Sally dance gracefully.

Parts Of Speech

Prepositions


Prepositions: are words that we can use to indicate time, place and space.
PREPOSITIONS Period/Point of Time During Throughout At Position In, Under, Over, Beside, Between, Opposite, Among, Between Direction Towards Past Around

Parts Of Speech

Prepositions
Commonly used Prepositions
Aboard Against Before Between Except Of Within Towards About Along Behind Beyond For On In Under Above Among Below By From Over Up Until Across Around Beneath Down Into Since Over Upon After At Beside During Like To Off With

Parts Of Speech

Prepositions


We went to school on Monday.

My plane stopped at Washington and New Jersey and arrived in New York two hours late.

Lord of the Ad world

Fun Time
Identify slogans with Prepositions in them E.g. Lets go in an ALTO Maruti

King of good times - Kingfisher

Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions


F For A And N Nor B But O Or Y Yet S - So

Coordinating Conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses.

E.g.
 

Jack and Jill went up the hill. The water was warm but I didn't go swimming.

Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions


Subordinating conjunctions - Since, Because,

A word or words used to connect unequal parts of a sentence. E.g. I went swimming, although it was cold. If, After, Until, Although, Before, As Though, Though, When, Unless As

Parts Of Speech

Conjunctions
Both-and


Correlative Conjunctions
A pair of conjunctions used to show a comparison. (They are also known as paired conjunctions) E.g. Not only is she rich, but also intelligent.

Either-or Neither-nor Since-therefore If-then Not only-but also

Conjingle

Fun time
For So

But Nor And Also

Parts Of Speech

Interjection
Interjection: is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Hello!, Bravo!, Alas! or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.

Hi !
Parts Of Speech

What's new?

Interjection
E.g.


"Hey ! look at that!" (calling attention ) "Hi ! What's new?" (expressing greeting ) "Well ! what did he say?" (introducing a remark )
Well ! what did he say?

Subjects and Verbs

Objective


Identify the correct usage of Subject and Verb in a sentence Identify the correct usage of Subjects and Verbs while speaking in English

Subjects and Verbs

Verb: The part of speech that expresses action, or state
of being.

Subject: The part which names the person or thing we

are speaking about in a sentence.

Subjects and Verbs

Subject and Verb Agreement
The Verb agrees with the Subject in Number and Person E.g. Sam and Harry are friends.

Subjects and Verbs

Harry

Harry Potter is an interesting book.

Potter

Every boy and girl is ready to run for the marathon.

Articles
Objective


Identify the mechanisms to use articles appropriately.

Articles



Articles: are Determiners.

Types Of Articles

Indefinite A / AN Definite THE

Articles



Indefinite Article (A)

A dog is a faithful animal.

A man is known by the company he keeps

Articles



Indefinite Article (AN)

An Apple

An Honest Man

Articles



Definite Article ( THE)

Lets go to the Golf Club.

The Solar System.

Articles
Lets have fun
Identify articles in the songs (Clips to be added)

Tenses
Objective


Identify the correct usage of Tense in a sentence Identify the correct usage of Tense while speaking in English

Tenses

 

The Tense of a verb shows the time of action or event. Verb tenses are tools that English speakers use to express time in language.

Tenses
There are three main Tenses: Present Tense: a verb that refers to the present time. E.g. I write a letter. Past Tense: a verb that refers to the past time. E.g. I wrote a letter.


 

Future Tense: a verb that refers to the future time. E.g. I will write a letter.

Tenses
Simple Present
I study English everyday.

Simple Past
Two years ago, I studied English in England.

Simple Future
I will be studying English next year.

Present Continuous
IS / AM / ARE + verb in ING I am studying English now.

Past Continuous WAS / WERE + verb in ING

I was studying English when you called yesterday.

Future Continuous SHALL / WILL + BE + verb in ING

I will be studying English when you arrive tonight.

Present Perfect HAS / HAVE + P.P

I have studied English in several different countries.

Past Perfect HAD + P.P.

I had studied a little English before I moved to the U.S.

Future Perfect SHALL / WILL + BE + verb in ING

I will be studying English when you arrive tonight.

Present Perfect Continuous HAS / HAVE + BEEN + verb in ING

I have been studying English for five years.

Past Perfect Continuous HAD + BEEN + verb in ING

I had been studying English for five years before I moved to the U.S.

Future Perfect Continuous

SHALL / WILL + HAS / HAVE + BEEN + verb in ING I will have been studying English for over two hours by the time you arrive.

Tense Tenses

Fun Time
Group A write a story in the Present

Group B write a story in the Past

Group C write a story in the Future

Question Tags
Objective


To aid formulating appropriate questions. To learn to convert ideas or sentences into questions.

Question Tags


Question tags are a grammatical structure in which a statement or idea is turned into a question by adding an interrogative fragment ( tag ). Their pattern is auxiliary + nt + subject, if the statement is positive and auxiliary + subject, if the statement is negative.

Question Tags
E.g. Positive Sentence
 

He has left already, hasnt he? Andrew came to school yesterday, didnt he?

Negative Sentence
 

He doesnt like tea, does he? John cant speak English fluently, can he?

Question Tags
Peanut Butter

Lets have some fun

Madonna

New York

Direct And Indirect Speech

Objective


To understand the two ways of relating and quoting what someone has said.

Direct And Indirect Speech



In Direct Speech the original speakers exact words are given and indicated by quotation marks ( ) E.g. I dont know what to do, said Dean. In Indirect Speech the exact meaning of the speakers words are given, but the exact words are not directly quoted. E.g. Dean said that he didnt know what to do.

 

Direct And Indirect Speech

Some pointers to convert Direct Speech into Indirect Speech and vice versa.


If the main verb is in the past tense, the present tense verbs in that sentence must be changed to past tense. First and second person pronouns must be changed to third person pronouns.

Direct And Indirect Speech

Voice

 Objective
To create awareness that using the Passive Voice sounds more objective.

Voice
Active Voice: The verb is active, when the subject
(agent) does the action (verb) to something (object).

E.g. The doctor wrote a prescription.

Passive Voice: The verb is passive,

when the subject takes the action upon itself.

E.g. The prescription was written by the doctor.

Voice
Active Voice
red helps Jane. ho did this? Ratna teaches us grammar. They built that skyscraper in 1934. Karen is going to prepare the refreshments.

Passive Voice
Jane is helped by red. By whom was this done? Grammar is taught to us by Ratna. That skyscraper was bui t in 1934. built The refreshmen s are going to be refreshments prepared by Karen Karen.

Creativity Unlimited


Sell a refrigerator to an Eskimo

News Time

Charles and Camilla's wedding day Aftermath of 9/11 gets film focus

Joseph Ratzinger is the new Pope Beckham family affairs are fair game for the public

Movie Time

Thank You