Software & Systems

secure meters Ltd 2010

Understand AMI

A readings ( data ) electronically

( Automatic Meter Reading ) mechanism of collecting the meter

Automatic Meter Reading Automatic Meter Reading

AMR

Covers 2 Covers 2 types types

Manual reading Manual reading 1

Not AMR Local AMR

or far or far

From near From near

3

Remote AMR

AMR to AMI to Smart Grid

Smart Grid
AMI Capability + Remote detection Customer Voltage Central and distributed analysis Measurement Correction of disturbances on the grid Load Profiling

AMI

AMR Capability + Remote Connect / disconnect

Customer Outage Detection Load Control Theft ID Hourly Remote Meter Reads

AMR
Automated Meter Reads

New Rate Design Price Signals sent to Customer

Optimizes grid assets

Demand Response Remote Meter Programming

AMR versus AMI

Important Elements and Processes
Meters Data collection Data recording Business Opportunities

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

Electronic Monthly Cumulative kWh Monthly consumption based billing

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

Electronic with disconnect LAN, HAN, load profile and

Remote using LAN communication, four-hourly or at least daily Half hourly or interval based for applying dynamic pricing Customer payment option Pricing options Utility Operations Demand response Emergency response Billing Customer information system Customer data display Outage management Emergency demand response In Home Display Cost and environmental consciousness Demand response programs Utility controlled customer load Smart thermostats

Key Business Processes

Billing Customer information system

Customer Participation

None

Additional devices

None

AMI Core Philosophy

B e n e fits
All stakeholders

Allows Control
Load shifting , adjusting , curtailing

Produces Information
Useful , understandable , actionable , reproducible

Employs Technology
Cost - effective , digital , scalable , user - friendly

WPAN

WAN / M AN Radio communication

AMI

Key Drivers for AMI

Revenue Protection Load Management Better System Planning, Operations and Administration Demand Side Management Consumer Involvement/ Conveniences Energy Conservation Carbon Credits Embedded Generation, Import Export, Tariff based on various system charges

Primary drivers for AMI differ from country to country

Metering data : Interconnection with ERP

AMI System Architecture

AMI Process
Core Business Systems Communications Home Area Network ( HAN )

P A S

Work & Asset Managemen t Customer Care & Service Billing Customer Informati on

MDMS

$$$

$$

$$$$$

Key AMI Requirements: Read with SLAs

1. Metrology :Half hourly consumption for 4Q
1. 2. 3. 4. kWh-Import kWh-Export (for embedded Generation) KVArh-Lag KVARh-lead

2. 3. Daily remote meter reading 00-04:00 hr

1. For settlement, daily sales figures are needed by 07:00 hr. Hence the data for previous day should be collected from 24:00 hr to 04;00 for 99.8% of meters,

4. 5. 6. Remote/ local load connect/ disconnect

1. 2. Electricity rules requires that on vacancy, the service fuse should be pulled out, How much would a disconnection cost in India?

7. 8. 9. Auto-disconnection in case of load detection

1. 2. 3. Upon remote re-connection, there is a chance that a heater/ iron could have been left in the socket. Upon energisation- this could cause fire. Some utility follow the process that there should not be load greater than 100 Watt for the first 120 seconds of remote energisation, else disconnect and such a system is called as Auto-disconnect Other utility uses ARM

Key AMI Requirements: Read with SLAs

5. Controlled load management at meters- based on off-peak

1. Storage Hot/ Cold water 2. Pool pumps

1.

6. Utility control of other loads

1. Clothes dryers

7. Randomization of load control

1. Synchronized Switching In/ Out of load can disturb the grid and hence the controlled load is randomized. 2. Yet, each supply point get the contracted quota of eg 8 hr.

8. Meter loss of supply detection

1. Within 60 seconds. 2. From 90% of the population 3. Technique using last gasp

9.Normal supply Capacity Control

1. Applied to kW Import for DSM and kW-Export for Co-gen

Key AMI Requirements: Read with SLAs

10. Emergency Supply Capacity Control

1. Has a time window for being active. 2. kW value for Import/ Export averaged over 1 min 3. Sustaining for y minutes 4. Keeping customer disconnected for z minutes.

11. Interface to the Home Area Network using Zigbee SEP 12. Critical Peak pricing: Alarm 13. Power Supply Quality: Min / max voltage, Kaidi Kaifi, outage 14. Event recording: System and operational 15. Remote Firmware upgrade without loosing any data. 16 Time Set

1.

Advanced Meter: Single Phase

1. Integrated Distribution Line Communication/ Mesh Radio module. 2. Header for Internal Zigbee HAN. 3. Power supply for GPRS/3G/ Wi-Max beneath ETBC. 4. 32.5Amp load control and YT

AMI meter for 3-Phase segment

1. Name of the product: Three Phase meters 2. Compact & new look 3. Metrology and DLC on single board: More reliable 4. Header for Internal Zigbee 5. Power supply for GPRS/3G/ WiMax beneath ETBC 6. With/ Without 1P 32.5Amp load control. 7. First time in the world: Phase selection for load control. 8. Flashing ARM button. 9. Life long battery

LAN: Essential Characteristics

1. LAN: Network for data collection from meter(s) to data concentrator 2. Ideally, meters should be connected to head-end without any intermediatories. Cost, ownership and obsolescence are the real driver deciding on LAN/WAN architecture. 3. Categorized as wireless and wired, 4. Wired: DLC/ PLC 5. Wireless: Star and Mesh topology 6. Figure of merit of LAN: meters/ LAN, Amortized cost of Data concentrator per meter and headroom on LAN at maximum traffic.

C o l e cto r l 1008 0 0 ft C o l e cto r l C o l e cto r l

C o l e cto r l

LAN option: Distribution Line Communication (DLC)

In
Home Display HAN Meter LAN
Meter Data
Concentrator

WAN N M S

MDC V4

Red ellipse : HAN Zigbee

Blue ellipse : LAN using DLC

Green ellipse : WAN Wimax

More accurate, timely bills Complaint reduction More information available for resolving high bill issues No meter reader on site Improved public relations Faster outage detection and restoration including nested outages Inform customers of outages to:

AMI: Benefits

Reduce energy costs through demand response programs Reduce demand charges Access detailed consumption and quality data See immediate results for turn-on/turnoff

AMI: More Benefits

Reduces safety incidents due to fewer field trips Enables environmental improvement

Decreased greenhouse gas emissions Improved energy efficiency Reduced field trips and vehicle emissions

Enables net metering, Plug-in hybrid cars and distributed generation Aids in outage detection Identifies metered accounts not being billed and meter malfunctions Simplifies rate changes Provides potential new revenue from value-added products, services Reduces congestion in power lines balanced distribution load management

Experience has proved that You can do Anything..

Computer controlled 300 MW load shed?

Turn-on/turn-off through AMI network Home area network devices for demand response, load shed

Programmable, communicating thermostats, plug-in-hybrid cars and generators

Support smart grid direction to minimize throwaway

Response time and speed AMI is not the only connectivity

Use thoughtful approach for request

Benefits of AMI: Utility

Improved cash flow: Meter reading to bill float time reduces to the current industry standard of 8 days to 1 day. Instant final readings and settlement: A special read cost around 30 times the routine meter reading cost. Special reads are needed on customer moving In/ Out and with AMI system, this cost can be controlled. Elimination of manual metering capital costs like CMRI, PCs etc. Fewer meter reading related claims and call center traffic. Reduction in uncollectible accounts: very few estimated bills which reduces re-billing. Reduction in revenue losses from unoccupied premises owing to remote disconnect and monitoring kWh increments in unoccupied premises. Efficient revenue protection, immediate alarm in case of an attempted tamper resulting in immediate redress versus waiting for tamper discovery during monthly/ bi-monthly reads. Reduction in high bill complaints as the customer can be notified should their consumption rise above the credit threshold. Opening avenues of consumer segmentation by capturing load profile data and doing load research. Cost free meter re-reads Flexible billing cycle, matching the consumers cash flow Billing adjustmentsImproved metering accuracy. Faster outage detection and proactive restoration. Faster response to power quality problems like low voltage, neutral floating. Reduction in false outage dispatches Increased revenues from more rapid outage restoration (reduced loss of sales) Daily energy balancing for each distribution transformer Better data for use in optimizing planning and operations Voltage monitoring Transformer load management

Benefits of AMI: Society

Deferring capital investment towards generating equipment through reduced peak demand: Swapping wide area load shedding to In Home load shedding of individual customers non-essential loads like storage heater, changing thermostat settings of the air conditioner. Deferring Capital investment towards T&D equipment: Distribution system studies for coincidental loading on distribution transformers, line section, wires, fuses, recloser, feeder and substations. Knowledge of peak loading in real time reducing diversity, operating at narrow safety margins maximizing asset utilization. Enhance system reliability. Reactive power management and remote capacitor switching over the AMI communication network.
secure meters Ltd 2010

The Way forward to start AMI

Understand Utilitys Objectives Understand the concerns Why to Go for AMI

Meter reading billing Revenue collection efficiency Tariff

Interval metering Peak pricing

Theft Demand management Connect/disconnect Any other driver like energy conservation, green house, carbon reduction Outage management

Understand Utility Objectives

Understand the concerns Why to Go for AMI
Asset management Customer service information Power supply quality and reliability Losses MIS System planning

Suggested Actions to Move Forward

Evaluation of concerns and prioritize Possible solutions and economic evaluation Technology suitability and trials Pilots rollouts

 Discussion between the utility and solution providers

Senior level meetings Workshops priority rating to each concern Monitory value to each concern Joint evaluation of concerns Prepare requirement document
System requirement Technical requirement

Evaluation of Concerns and Prioritize

Possible Solutions and Economic Evaluation

Possible solutions architecture Identifying important stages, stakeholders and system components Preliminary technical evaluation Preliminary economic evaluation Decide evaluation parameters

Technology Suitability and Trials

Technology suitability and trials Work shops on comms technologies Feasibility of deployment of various comms technologies Evaluate the technology solution available with us and initial development feasibility Select best suitable comms technologies and topologies Economic evaluation and long term benefits evaluation Technology trials for suitability and acceptability

Pilots
Decide Pilots Solution providers Pilot size Area for pilot Pilot evaluation parameters Go , No Go Duration of pilots Team training and implementation

Rollouts
Rollouts Conclude pilots Evaluate on Go parameters Develop roll out plan

Case Study- AMI

AMI Rollout in Victoria

l

Big Governmental Push

l

Victorian Government endorsed deployment of AMI to all Victorian electricity consumers taking supply of less than 160 MWh per annum in early 2006. An amendment to the Electricity Industry Act 2000 passed in August 2006, providing the Government power in establishing a range of requirements for the deployment of AMI
l

Functionalities and performance levels in Minimum AMI Functionality Specification (Victoria) Service Levels for distributors and retailers in Minimum AMI Service Levels Specification (Victoria)

Technology Evaluation
l

The technical capabilities of AMI meters and communication infrastructure established following an extensive and collaborative development exercise undertaken by Government, utilities and technology providers in 2006 and 2007

AMI Rollout in Victoria

Communication Technologies
Power Line Carrier (PLC) Distribution Line Carrier (DLC) Mesh Radio (MR)

Entities and Technologies in Technology Trials Utilities Metering System Communication

vendors
EDMI Elster GE Itron L&G PRI-A Alinta AE CitiPower SPAusNet Red Energy Victoria Electricity Powercor United Energy Distribution (UED) Trilliant

and network system vendors

Intermoco Silver Spring Network (SSN) Aclara Elster L&G

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Origin Energy

Outcomes of Technology Trials

1.Government mandates rollout of approx 2.5 million AMI metersstarting 2009 and to be completed by 2013 2.Government recommends mesh radio technology from SSN as the ideal technology for AMI 3.Government approves metering systems from PRI-A and L&G for AMI

AMI Rollout in Victoria System Scheme

Characteristics of AMI Component : In Home Display

Intent is to involve consumer. Interactive: Displays energy, money, Critical price and CO2. ICON intensive meant for mass public Self powered Wiring less: Wire less

Home Display

Inter-operable : Using Zigbee.

ICON intensive meant for mass public : Expensive graphic display. High level of Aesthetic appeal : Choice of colors. Self powered/ low running cost : Adapter Wiring less: Zigbee @ 100 mW RF power by Nov 2008.

Home Area Network (HAN)

HAN: Communication between single meter and multiple In-Home devices. License free, interference tolerant wireless operation: Zigbee 2.4GHz Mesh architecture from Zigbee to Other load control devices can be controlled
using cost/GHG algorithm. combat interference.

IHD

HAN

Load Control