Distance Formula Slope Straight Line Drawing

Review:Distance and Slope Points of Division Equation of Straight Lines Perpendicular and Parallel Lines Intersection of Two Straight Lines

Equation of Special Lines Two Point Form Point-Slope Form Slope-Intercept Form Intercept Form General Form

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Topic: Distance and Slope (Review)

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Distance

y 5 4 3 Q (x2,y2)

P (x1, y1) y1 y2 x1 x2
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

y1 y2
-2 -1

2 1

-1 -2 -3 -4 -5

x2

By Pythagoras Theorem,
2

distance ?
2

x1

PQ! (x1  x2 )  ( y1  y2 )

Example

A = (-4, 2)

B=(2, -4)

(x1,y1)
2 2

(x2,y2)
2 2

AB ! ( x1  x2 )  ( y1  y2 ) ! (6)  6 ! 72
2 2

! (4  2)  (2  (4))

Class Work (a) Find AB if A=(4,0) and B=(9,a) (Give the answer in terms of a.)
(b) If AB= 34 , find a. (a) AB! (9  4)  (a  0)
2
2

(b) 2

25  a ! 34 25  a ! 34 a !9 a ! 3 or  3 2 min
2 2

! 25 a

2 min

Slope

y 5 4

P (x1, y1) y1 y2 x1 x2
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Q (x2,y2)
2 1

-2

-1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5

slope ! m PQ

slope ?
y1  y 2 ! x1  x 2

Example

y 5 4

(4, 5)

y1  y2 slope ! x1  x2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

3 2 1

(x1,y1)
(1, 1)
1 2

(x2,y2)
3 4 5

5 1 slope ! 4 1 4 ! 3

-1 -2 -3 -4 -5

Class Work

y 5 4

B(a2, ab)

3 min

3 2 1 A(b2, ab) x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 1 2 3 4 5

Slope of AB?

-2 -3 -4 -5

ab   ab slope ! 2 2 a b 2 ab ! 2  b2 a

Example

y 5 4 3

(-4, 2)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

2 1

(2,2)
x 1 2 3 4 5

slope

2 2 ! 2  (4) 0 ! 6 ! 0

-1 -2 -3 -4 -5

If a line//x-axis line//x slope = 0

Example
slope 2  3 ! 2  2 5 ! 0
-4 -3 -2 -1

y 5 4 3 2 1

(2,2)
x 1 2 3 4 5

zero!

-5

-1 -2

If a line // y-axis slope is undefined

-3 -4 -5

(2,-3)

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Topic: Point of Division

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A= (1,2), B = (8,9) and AC : CB = 3 : 4 Find C(x,y)

9 8 7 6 y

B(8,9)

4
C(x,y)

(9-y)

Point C?

5 4 3 2 A(1,2) 1

(8-x) (y -2)

(x-1)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-2

-1

B(8,9)

BCD

CAE
4 (9-y)

8 x 4 9-y 4 @ ! and ! x 1 3 y-2 3

C(x,y)

(8-x)

3v83x ! 4x 4v1 3x  4x ! 3v8 4v1 3v8 4v1 x! 3 4

3v9 3y ! 4y  4v2 3y  4y ! 3v9  4v2 3v9  4v2 y! 3 4

A(1,2) 3 (y -2) (x-1) E C(x,y)

3
A(1,2)

C(x,y)

4
B(8,9)

Observation

Calculation

3 x 8 +4 x 1 x= + 4 3 3 x 9 +4 x 2 y= 3 + 4

y!

3v8  4 v1 x! 3 Section 4 Formula v2 3v9 4

3 4

Example 1 P (a, b) 2

B (4, 8)

A (1, 2)

(1)(4)  ( 2)(1) a! 1 2 What are the coordinates of P ? !2 (1)(8)  ( 2)(2) b! 1 2 !4

Ans: P = (2, 4)

ClassWork

P (3, 1)

B (4, 9)

A (a, b)
Find the values of a and b
5 min

Solution
(5)(4)  2a (5)(9)  2b 3! 1! 52 5 2 21 ! 20  2a 7 ! 45  2b 1 b ! 19 a! 2

Class Work

1
A (3, -7)

P (a, b)

1 B (5, 3)

3 min Find the coordinates of point P

(1)(3)  (1)(5) a! 11 !4

73 b! 2 ! 2

1
A(x1,y1)

P (a, b)

1 B (x2,y2)

P is the mid-point of AB

Then

! !

x1  x y1  y

Example Let P = (a, b) & G = (p, q)

A (3, 4) P (4, 1) 2 1 2 1 G 2 1
3 3  5  2 5 a ! ! 2! 4 p! 2 3 4 4  2  5  2 !1 b ! ! 1 q! 2 3 B (5, -2)

C (-2, -5)

( 2)(4)  (1)(2) p! !2 1 2 ( 2)(1)  (1)(5) q! ! 1 1 2

Observation
A (x1,y1)

Given : G is the centroid of ABC

G(x,y) B (x2,y2)

Then:
C (x3, y3)

x1  x 2  x3 x! 3 y1  y 2  y3 y! 3

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Challenge

y 5 4 3 2 1

A (-3, 4)

B (2, 1)
x 1 2 3 4 5

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1 -1

Find the ratio of AP : PB.

-2 -3 -4 -5

Answer =>

Solution
Let AP : PB = 1 : k

(1 )( 2 )  k (  3 ) 0 ! 1 k 0 ! 2  3k 2 k ! Back => 3

Topic:

Equations of Special Lines

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Horizontal Lines

y 5 4

x = -3

y=3 y=1
-5

(-3, 3)
3 2 1

(1, 3) (2,1)

(3, 3)

x -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 -2 1 2 3 4 5

y = -3 (-5, -3)

-3

(-1, -3)
-4 -5

(2, -3)

Vertical Lines

y 5

x = -3

x=2

x = -1

4 3 2 1 x

(2, 2)
1 2 3 4 5

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1 -1 -2

(2, 0)

(-3, -3) x = -3
(-1, -4)

-3 -4 -5

Class Work
Find
The equations of L1 and L2; The coordinates of point P.
0

(a, b)

L2
x

Ans: 1. L1 : x = a
2. P= (0, b) L2 : y = b

3 min

L1

Straight lines Passing through origin

y =-2x

y 5 4 3

(-2,4) (-1,2)
2 1

y=x (3,3) (1,1)

1 2 3 4 5 x

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1 -1 -2

(1,-2)

(-3,-3)

-3 -4 -5

Observation
5 4 3 2 1

b y! x a

(a,b)
x 1 2 3 4 5

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5

Class Work Find the equations of L1 and L2.

L2

(6,7) x (4,-3)
L1

Ans: L1 : L2 :

3 y! x 4 7 y! x 6

3 min

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Topic: Two-Point Form

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y 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

L
B(5, = MAP8) MAB
P(x, y) y 3 83 ! x  1 5 1

Find
2 1 -1 -1

y 3 5 ! x 1 4 A(1, 3) 4y 12 ! L the equation of5x .5 5x  4y  7 ! 0

5 6 7 8 x 9 1 2 3 4

y 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Will the result be the same

P(x, y)

L: 5x-4y+7=0 5xB(5, 8) MBP = MAB

y 8 83 if We consider ! BP x  5 5 1 A(1, 3) AP y  8 ! 5 instead of x 5 4 4y  32 ! 5x  25

M
3 4

M
8

-1 -1

5x  4y  7 ! 0
5 6 7

Example

L (c)(a) Find5the equation of .P. Find the (b)Find the value of b (b) Find coordinates of L 4 (-4, 4) (-2, b)

Put 3( ! , b ) Let P2(0,)kint o the equation 7( (20) 66k44!!00 7 2)  b

1 x 5

5 2 b!  k !3 y  -4 - 4 4  ( -3) - 1 5 1 2 3 4 ! -3 2 3 P -1 x  ( 4)  4  2 2 thus2, P ! (0,  ) y4 7 3 ! -3 (2, -3) x 4 6 -4  6 7x + ! x  = L: y  246y7+ 4 280 7x  6y  4 ! 0

-5

Example
(a) Find the equation of the straight line L: 3x - 5y + 1 = 0 joining (-3, 2) and (2, -1). (b) Does whether the(point ) 3, -2on the (c) State the point 7, -4 ( lie ) lies on straight line line or not. the straight ? not.

 7 -10 ! 3 the straight line. The point (5,y 4) lies onx  9 line. The point (3, -2) does not lie on the line. line. 3x  5y 1 ! 0

y2 2  (1) y!327!  5( 41)1 2 ( )  LL.x.SS( 3()(3)  5( 2)  1 .H . . ! 3 ) !  3  H. x  (21 ) 20  3  2 3  1 !! 9  10  1 y 2 3 0 !! 2 ! RR 3. . .H. !{ xH.SS.  5

Class Work
(a) Find the equation of the straight line which passes through (0,0) and (-4,-6). (b) If the point A(a,3) lies on L, find a. A(a,3

Solution. (a) y  0 0  ( 6) (b)

x  (0) 0  ( 4) y 6 ! x 4 4 y ! 6x 3x  2 y ! 0

Put ( a,3) int o 3x  2 y ! 0 3a  2(3) ! 0 a ! 2 7 min

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Topic: Point-Slope Form

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y 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PointPoint-slope Form B(x, y)

A(1, 7) L

MAB = Slope
y7 !3 x 1 y  7 ! 3x  3 3x  y  4 ! 0

slope = 3

x -1 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Example Find the equation of the line which passes through (-1,-5) and has slope -3 :

Solution

y  ( 5) ! 3 x  ( 1) y 5 ! 3 x 1 y  5 ! 3 x  3

Working?

3x  y  8 ! 0

5 (b)What (b) What is equation of L Example (a) Find the the value of b .? 4

L (-3, 2)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

3 2 1

1 slope !  3
1 2

y2 1 -1 ! x  ( 3) - 2 3 2  3b  3 ! 0 y  2 -3 Put B(2, b) into the1equation 1 B(2 ! b! x  3 -4 3 3 L: x + 3y - 3 = 0 3 y  6 ! - x  3 5 x  3y  3 ! 0

B3 (2, b) 4

x 5

Class Work
L

y Find (a) The equation of L. 5

(b)4 The coordinates of P (c) The coordinates of Q

2 3

P (a, 2)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

1 x 1 -1 -2 2 3 4 5

(-2, 0)
4 slope !  3

Q
10 min

-3 -4 -5

Solution. (b) Put P(a, 2) into L (a)

y0 4 ! x  ( 2) 3 y 4 ! x2 3 3 y ! 4 x  8 4x  3y  8 ! 0

4 a  (3)( 2 )  8 ! 0
therefore P = (-3.5, 2)

a !  3 .5

(c)

Let Q = (0, b)
4(0)  3b  8 ! 0 8 b! 3 8 (0,  3 )

Q=

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Topic: Slope-Intercept Form

Intercepts

6 5 4 3 2 1

(0, 3)
x

(-2, 0)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 -1 -2 1 2 3 4 5

-3

y Slope-intercept Form 9 8 7

L slope = 3

y4 !3 6 x 0 (x, y) What is the 5 y4 (0, 4) !3 4 4 equation of L ? x 3 y-intercept y  4 ! 3x

2 1

y ! 3x  4
slope
x 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5

-1 -1

Example (a) Find the the slope of the straight line (c) What is equation and the y-intercept (b) What is the slope and the y-intercept with y-intercept 12and3y 1 =3 ?in of the straight line yx=+3xslope 0 of the straight line -7? the slope-intercept form. slopeform.

y=3x y=3x1
3y ! 2 7 y  int ercept !x  1 2 1 y! x 3 3 2 1 Slope-intercept slope !  , y  int ercept ! 3 3 Form

2 x  3y  1 ! 0 ! 3 slope

Example

L : kx + 3y 2k = 0 with slope 2. (a) Find the value of k . (b) What is the y-intercept of L ?

kx  3y  2k ! 0 3y !  kx  2k k 2k y! x 3 3 k  ! 2 3 k!6

thus,

2k y  int ercept ! 3 ( 2)(6) ! Slope-intercept3 Form! 4

Class Work Find the value of k for the following

straight line, L. L : 3x + 4y + k = 0 with y-intercept 5.

Ans. 3x  4 y  k ! 0
4 y ! 3x  k 3 k y! x 4 4

Alternatively, Put (0, 5) into the equation of L.

thus,

k 5! 4 k ! 20

3(0)  4(7 )min ! 0 5 k

Slope-intercept k Form ! 20

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Topic: Intercept Form

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L
5 4

MAP = MAB
y 3 30 ! x 0 02 y3 3 ! x 2 x 2 y 8 6 ! 3x 7 x y  !1 2 3
y-intercept

A(0 A(0, 3) 3 3
2 1

P(x, y)
B(2 B( 2 2 , 0)
1 2 3 4 5 6

-2

-1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5

What is the equation ! 6 L ? 3x  2 y of

thus,
x-intercept

Example

Find the equation of L in intercept form. Do the point (4, 6) and (12, 9) lie on L ? y
5 4

Put (4, 6) into Put (12, 9) into the y-intercept3 3 the equation equation
2 1

x-intercept
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -1 -2

-4

x y Ans:  !1 4 3

-3

(12, 9) does not lie -4 The point (4, 6) on L. -5 lies on L.

12 9 L.H. . !  6 4 LH.4 3 .. ! 4 3 ! 33 !12 !0 !1 { .H. . . ! .H .

2 3 4

Example

(a) Convert the x- + 28 = 0 into (b) What are7x + 4yintercept and the intercept formthe form. y-intercept of . straight line ?

7 x  4 y  28 ! 0 7 x  4 y ! 28 7x 4y  !1  28  28 x y  !1 4 7
x-intercept = -4 and y-intercept = -7

Example

Find the area of the shaded region. y 0 x

L : 2x+ 5y + 10 = 0

2x  5y 10 ! 0 2x  5y ! 10

-5

2x 5y  !1 10 10 -2 x y  !1 5 The area of the shaded region is  2

( 5 )( 2 ) Intercept ! 5 sq .units form 2

Class Work (a) Find the intercepts of L1.

(b) Find the equation of L2. (c) Find the area of the shaded region.
y
L2

10 min
L1: 3x + 5y-15=0 5y-

x
-2

Solution. (b) The 5y 15 ! 0 (a) 3x equation of L2

is
L2

3
L1: 3x + 5y-15=0 5y-

3x x 5y y 15  !  !1 3x 2 y 3 5  !1 3  2 15 x 15 y ! 6 3x  2y y 6 ! 0 x   !1 5 3

x
-2

The area of the (c) x-intercept = 5 shaded region is and y-intercept! 10.5 sq.units y- (7)(3) = 3 .

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Topic: General Form

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General Form

Ax + By + C = 0

x 3y Convert  ! 5 into the general form. 5 2 x 3y  !5 5 2 2 x  15 y ! 50 2 x  15 y  50 ! 0

Class Work

2y  5 3 Convert !  into the general form. x4 2 2y  5 3 ! x4 2 4 y  10 ! 3x  12 3x  4 y  22 ! 0

Example

What are the slope and the y-intercept of the straight line 4x 3y + 7 = 0 ?

4 x  3y  7 ! 0 3y ! 4 x  7 4 7 y! x 3 3 4 7 slope ! and y  int ercept ! 3 3

Example

Find the equation of L in the general form.

y 0 x

slope = -2

-7

y ! 2 x  7 2x  y  7 ! 0

Example

Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the straight line 12x 7y + 4 = 0. 0.

12 x  7 y  4 ! 0 12 x  7 y ! 4 12 x 7 y  !1 4 4 x y  !1  1/ 3 4 / 7 1 4 x  int ercept !  and y  int ercept ! 3 7

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Topic: Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines

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Conversely, if if What will//happen If L1 L2 , mL1 = mL2 L Two lines Lknow... 2 A FACT to 1 and then Are mL1 L mL2 parallel? L Then =1 // 2

Example

Determine whether L1 // L2
L1 L2

slope = 2

5 (3, ) 3
7 (1,  ) 3

5 7  ( ) 3 3 m2 ! 3 1 4 ! 2 !2

Since m1 = m2= 2, then, L1 is parallel to L2

Example

Find the equation of L2

y

mL2 = mL1 = 2
By point-slope form,
x

L1 : m = 2
0 (0, 0)

L2

y0 !2 x0 y !2 x y ! 2x

@ L2 : 2 x  y ! 0

More... Class Work

(b) Does the point (-3, -5) 2. (a) Find the equation of Llies on L2 ? (-

L2

L1 : slope = -3

y x

y0 ! 3  min x45 y ! 3x  15 3x  y  15 ! 0

3((L.H.S. = 3(-3) + (-5) + 15 =1 { R.H.S.

-5 (-5, 0)

Thus, (-3, -5) does not lie on L2 (-

Example Findpoint-slope slope toof L L2form. Step 2: Use point-1 into form intercept . 3: Express the equation find . 1: Find L the slope of L2
2

4 x  3 y  12 ! 0 3 y !  4 x  12 L 2 4 y! x4 3

L1 : 4x + 3y + 12 = 0

y x 0

4 -6 mL2 = mL1 =  (-6, 0) 3 y 0 4 ! 2: x6 3  3y ! 4x  24

4x  3y  24 ! 0

Class Work

Find the equation of the line L1 which is parallel to 3x + 2y 5 = 0 and passes through (4, -1).

Steps : 1.Express 1.Express the given line into slopeslope-intercept form. 2.Find 2.Find the slope of L1. 3. Use point-slope form to find pointthe equation of the line.
6 min

Solution.
Step 1: Express the given line into slope-intercept form. slope3x  2 y  5 ! 0 2 y ! 3x  5 3 5 y! x 2 2
Step 2:

Find mL.

mL =
Step 3:

4  3

Use point-slope pointform to find the equation

y 1 3 ! 2 x4 2 y  2 ! 3x  12 3x  2 y  10 ! 0

Conversely,2if If L1 L , mL1then L2 =-1 xm One more FACT... Thenx L1L2 =-1 mL1 m L2

Example

Find the coordinates of P.(Hint: Let P = (a,0) P.(Hint:

L1

L2
P

L1

L2

mL1 x mL2 =-1

7 0  ( ) 4 ) ! 1 x 2( a 3 7 0 (3,  ) 3.5 ! a  3 4 a ! 0.5

slope = 2

thus, P = (-0.5, 0) (-

Example 3: Use point-slope slope to find L form. Find pointthe equation of L . Step 1: Express L into form intercept .

Step 2: Find 1the slope of L2 2

2 y ! 3 x  10 3 y ! x  5 2

3 x  2 y  10 ! 0

mL2 = -1mL1 3 2 =-1 ! 

2 3
y3 2 ! 2: x2 3 3y  9 ! 2x  4 2x  3y  5 ! 0

L1 : 3x-2y +10 =0 3x-

y x

0 (-2, -3)

L2

Class Work

Find the equation of the line L which is perpendicular to 3x - 2y + 6 = 0 and pases through (-4, 3).

Steps : 1.Express 1.Express the given line into slopeslope-intercept form. 2.Find 2.Find the slope of L. 3. Use point-slope form to find pointthe equation of the line.
6 min

Solution.
Step 1: Express the given line into slope-intercept form. slopeStep 2:

Find mL.

3 2 mL =  1 z 2 !  3
Step 3:

3x  2 y  6 ! 0 2 y ! 3x  6 3 y ! x3 2

Use point-slope pointform to find the equation

y 3 2 ! x4 3 3y  9 ! 2x  8 2 x  3 y  17 ! 0

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Challenge Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining (3, -5) and (-7, 9).

[ Ans.: 5x - 7y + 24 = 0 ]

Steps : 1.Find 1. Find the coordinates of the midpoint. 2.Find 2. Find the slope of the line segment. 3.Find 3. Find the slope of the perpendicular bisector 4.Use point4. Use point-slope form to find the equation of the line.

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Topic: Point of Intersection

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What are the coordinates of P ?

A. P = (-5, -7) (y

x=5 y=7
P

B. P = (-5, 7) (C. P = (5, -7) D. P = (5, 7) E. P = (7, 5)

x
0

  

Sorry !

You are wrong ! Dont give up Try it again

return

Correct !

Return

What are the coordinates of P ?

y

x = 36
P

A. P = (-5, 7) (B. P = (5, 7) C. P = (7, 2) D. P = (7, 13)

y = 3x 8

x
0

E. P = (13, 7)

Example

2x 5y + 16 = 0
P = (P3, 2) (-

What are the coordinates of P ?

2 x  5y  16 ! 0 3x  2 y  5 ! 0
(1) ( 2)

x
0

4x  10 y  32 ! 0 (3) 15 x  10 y  25 ! 0 ( 4)
(3)  ( 4) : 19 x  57 ! 0 x ! 3

3x + 2y + 5 = 0
Sub x ! 3 int o (2) : 3(3)  2 y  5 ! 0 2y ! 4 y!2

Example coordinates of the point of intersection of Find the

2 y !  x6 5 x  y  11 ! 0 3

Sub (1) int o ( 2) :

2 3x  x  6  11 ! 0 5 17 x ! 17 5 x !5

! 2x 6 y 5 x  y  11 ! 0 3

(1) ( 2)

The coordinates are (5, 4)

Sub x ! 5 int o (2) : 3(5)  y  11 ! 0 y!4

Example

What are the coordinates of P ? L : x  y !1 y 2 4 3x 4y + 5 = 0 2x  y ! 4 2x  y ! 4 4 P 3 x  4 y  5 ! 0 8x  4 y ! 16 (1) ( 2) 0 3x  4 y  5 ! 0 2 L (1)  (2) : 11 x  5 ! 16

x !1
P = (1, 2)

@y!2

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