YAMNA HASHMI

ROLL NO. 35

nile Delinqu nile Delinqu

YOUTH
Juvenile delinquency

CRIME

BASIC UNDERSTANDING
Juvenile delinquency refers primarily to social acts of juveniles (youth) against the law and social norms. Juvenile delinquency has become a global issue and its spreading all over the world.

AGE BRACKET OF JUVENILES

The 16- to 20-year age group, considered adult in many places, has one of the highest incidences of serious crime.

 A high proportion of adult criminals have a background of early delinquency. Youth crime is a major issue and is an aspect of crime which does not receive attention from the news media and politicians.

WHO IS AT RISK?

Young people who are at risk of becoming delinquent often live in difficult circumstances. Children who for various reasons including parental alcoholism, poverty, breakdown of the family, overcrowding, abusive conditions in the home, the growing HIV/AIDS scourge, or the death of parents during armed.

SANA RASHID

Roll No. 37

CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Cultural Factors
The intensity and severity of juvenile offences are generally determined by the social, economic and cultural conditions prevailing in a country.

There is evidence of a universal increase in juvenile crime taking place concurrently with economic decline.

 Street children later become young offenders, having already encountered violence in their immediate social environment as either witnesses or victims of violent acts.

Economic and Social Factors

Socio-economic instability is often linked to persistent unemployment and low incomes among the young, which can increase the likelihood of their involvement in criminal activity. Delinquent behavior often occurs in social settings in which the norms for acceptable behavior have broken down.

Urbanization
One of the reasons for delinquent behavior is therefore an excessive focus on proposed goals (achieving success) coupled with insufficient means to achieve them. Some juveniles, cognizant of the limitations imposed by legal behavior, come under the

Many young people retreat into the confines of their own groups and resort to drug use for psychological or emotional escape. The use of alcohol and illegal drug by juveniles is one cause of delinquency, as they are often compelled to commit crime (usually theft) to obtain the cash needed to support their substance use.

 Geographical analysis suggests that countries with more urbanized populations have higher registered crime rates than do those with strong rural lifestyles and communities.

TAJJALLEE JAVED
ROLL NO. 22

Dysfunctional Families
Studies show that children who receive adequate parental supervision are less likely to engage in criminal activities. Dysfunctional family settings characterized by conflict, inadequate parental control, weak internal linkages and integration, and premature autonomyare closely associated with juvenile delinquency.

 Children in disadvantaged families that have few opportunities for legitimate employment and face a higher risk of social exclusion are overrepresented among offenders.

A study carried out in prisons in the United States reveals that families involved in criminal activities tend to push their younger members towards violating the law.

Media Influence
People who watch violence tend to behave more aggressively or violently. Media bring an individual to violence in three ways:

TV ,Movies, Magazines, Internet

 Studies show that the act of labeling may lead to the selfadoption of a delinquent image, which later results in delinquent activity.

The American Psychological Association has reviewed the evidence and has concluded that television violence accounts for about 10 per cent of aggressive behavior among children.

Peer Influence
A number of studies have shown that juvenile gang members consider their group a family. This results in youth becoming more prone towards delinquent behavior due to the social pressure of their age-mates.

Parents negligence Children in families in which parents take less care of them have feelings of being neglected, discriminated and isolated. The lack of parental love makes them hostile and cynical towards the society.

Other Factors

In Pakistan, money, land, sexual assault, illiteracy, honor killing, old enmity, and drug are the other main factors causing juvenile delinquency.

IMPACTS OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Legal term Gang activities Effect on family Effect on the victims Effect on the delinquent Influence from neighbor hood psychological research Effect on society

Legal terms
Refers as criminal acts performed by juvenile Legal terms for criminal behaviour carried out by minors Traced in early times Authorities became aware and attended to this issue

Gang activities
Most felonious activities are usually done in a group illicit acts that would make their group famous. EXAMPLE : illicit acts that would make their group famous. throw rocks or bottles at their rivals; while some use deadly weapons like knives and ice picks for the sake of hurting. It is even more dangerous for civilian people who just happened to be around at that place.

Effect on families

Juveniles become delinquent is the misfortune of being a child of a single parent, whether because of divorce, separation or may be death. The family has to face the ethical issues of responsibility to the victims of the child's c With only one parent a child may receive only half the guidance given by two parents. Life of a child of a single parent is very much different It becomes very difficult when a relationship dissolves because the child usually unexpectedly given responsibility of one parent.

Effect on the juvenile delinquent

Drug influence
Poor relations with parents, feelings of depression, and exposure to drug-using peers are most important for initiation into illicit drugs other than marihuana. Drug abuse refers to the intense desire to take drugs at the exclusion of other activities, and dependence occurs when the body becomes physically dependent on an illicit substance.

INFLUENCE FROM NEIGHBORHOOD:

Making friends in these neighborhoods really ingrains delinquency in a person when those friends are so negative that they only do not want a person to move on to better them selves. When the friends are committing crimes it is usually in groups where there is encouragement by the surrounding peers. A person may even join a gang simply due to the gangs being the only friends that will support what who person does; regardless whether the act is considered negative or positive by the peers in the gang.

Effect on society

Preema tasis
Roll no. 05

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN THE GLOBALL WORLD

THE TABLE IS SHOWNG THAT CASES PER 1000 JUVENILES IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS. ESTIMATES CAN BE TAKEN FROM THAE FOLLOWNG TABLE THAT HOW MUCH JUVENILES ARE BEING INVOLVED

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN PAKISTAN

Table o

 Despite the efforts and measures taken by the government and tall claims of law enforcement agencies for busting gangs, the crime rate in the country is increasing day by day and the crime rate is said to be touching 20.1 percent during the last one year in all over the country

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN INDIA

The rate of crime has increased marginally from 14.7 during the year 2006 to 16.3 during 2007 A total of 34,527 juveniles were apprehended during 2007 out of which 32,671 were boys and 1,856 were girls. Tripura and Andhra Pradesh were the top two States in the order of crime rate at 30.7 and 30.3 respectively.

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN RUSSIA

The rate of crimes annually committed by the Russian street teenagers is also high and exceeds 100,000 RATE OF INCRAESE IS 13.3 DURING LAST YEAR 16.6 PERCENT OF CASES ARE BEEN REPORTED

HUMA

Juvenile Delinquency Prevention

The most effective programs share the following key components: Education Some programs inform parents on how to raise healthy children and about the effects of drugs, gangs, and weapons. Recreation Recreation programs allow youths to connect with other adults and children in the community.

 Community Involvement Girl and boy scouts and volunteer groups all involve within a community interact in a safe social environment. Drug Prevention The vast majority of juvenile are determined to be involved in drug use or sales. Parent-Child Interaction Training Program It takes approximately 12 weeks to educating them on how best to respond to their child's behavior.

 Bullying Prevention Program The program succeeds in creating a safer, less hostile environment for students. The Nebraska Correctional Youth Facility (NCYF) is an example of a successful juvenile detention facility. Functional Family Therapy (FFT) The FFT program helps adolescents on probation.

Effects

The ultimate effects of a more wide ranging, broadly encompassing juvenile delinquency prevention is a reduction in the rate of young people who end up in trouble, including with drugs and the judicial system.

Researchers have concluded that young people who watch violence tend to behave more aggressively. This is mainly characteristic of 8- to 12-yearold boys. Over time, television indirectly leads children to view violence. Special measures are needed ; the media, as the main source of information, and round-table discussions should be organized.

Summary

Recent research has provided some encouraging evidence that prevention programs can prevent juvenile delinquency. There is some evidence that parent training programs can reduce the emergence of child behavior problems up to 8 years. Structural family therapy can prevent delinquency.

AREEBA HAIDER
ROLL NO 59

JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

q Network of agencies that deal with juveniles whose conduct has come in conflict with the law. q It operates according to the premise that youth are fundamentally different than adults, both in terms of level of responsibility and potential for rehabilitation. q The treatment and successful reintegration of youth into society are the primary goals of the juvenile justice system

JUVENILE COURT
special court or department of a trial court which deals with under-age defendants charged with crimes or who are neglected or out of the control of their parents. The procedure in juvenile court is not always adversarial, although the minor is entitled to legal representation by a lawyer A juvenile court handles case of delinquency and dependency

Salient features of juvenile justice system

If a child is a national asset, it is the duty of the state to look after the child with a view to ensure full development of its personality. The guardian of an arrested juvenile shall be informed as early as possible after the arrest. A child arrested for a non-bailable offence must be produced before juvenile court within 24 hours, while a child arrested for a bailable offence must be released on bail even without surety

Salient features of juvenile justice system

The State shall protect the best interests of the child through measures that will ensure the observance of international standards of child protection. The State likewise recognizes the right of children to children to assistance, including proper care and nutrition

How to Improve the Juvenile Criminal Justice System

qExpand available post-release programs for juvenile offenders. Juveniles who are incarcerated or detained away from the community for even a fairly short time qface challenges reintegrating. qDevelop more community-based programs for juvenile offenders in lieu of detention.

q qIncrease the number of educational and job training programs available to young people within the juvenile justice system. qUtilize more dual treatment programs and facilities for juvenile offenders.