Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thinner
Less Expensive
Higher Carrying Capacity
Less Signal Degradation& Digital Signals
Light Signals
Non-Flammable
Light Weight
Areas of Application
Telecommunications
Local Area Networks
Cable TV
CCTV
Optical Fiber Sensors
Type of Fibers
Optical fibers come in two types:
Single-mode fibers – used to transmit one signal
per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They
have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and
transmit infra-red light from laser.
Multi-mode fibers – used to transmit many
signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They
have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and
transmit infra-red light from LED.
How Does Optical Fibre
Transmit Light??
Total Internal Reflection.
Fibre Optics Relay Systems has
-Transmitter
-Optical Fibre
-Optical Regenerator
-Optical Receiver
Properties of optical fibers
Fiber has to have two important properties:
Total internal reflection, so that light is contained
within fiber
Low attenuation, so that light can be carried over
long distances with minimal loss
Structure
Inner core glass: high refractive index (contains light)
Cladding glass: lower refractive index
Outer polymer coating: adds strength & protects fiber
Light ray must enter the fiber within a certain acceptance angle. If
not, light will get refracted out as condition for total internal reflection
will be violated; this becomes important when a fiber bends
The way to avoid losing light is to make fibers with small diameters;
thinner fibers also better from a flexibility and weight point of view
Total Internal Reflection in Fiber
Fiber Types
Multi-Mode: supports
hundreds paths for light.
Single-Mode: supports a
single path for light
SEEFIRE workshop –
Sofia, 14-15 July 2005
12
Attenuation
FOIRL
• Fiber optic inter repeater link
• Defines remote repeaters using fiber optics
• Maximum length – 1000 meters between any two
repeaters.
IEEE 802.3 (Cont…)
10BASEF
• Star topology with hub in the center
• Passive hub:
– Short cables
– No cascading
– Reliable
• Active hum:
– Synchronous
– May be cascaded
– Do not count as one repeater
– Any 10BASEF active hub must have at least
two FOIRL ports
Token Ring
Advantages
Long range
Immunity to EMI/RFI
Reliability
Security
Suitability to outdoor applications
Small size
Compatible with future bandwidth
requirements and future LAN standards
Token Ring (Cont…)
Disadvantages
Relatively expensive cable cost and installation cost
Requires specialist knowledge and test equipment
No IEEE 802.5 standard published yet
Relatively small installed base.
Fiber Distributed Data Interface