.

What is 1G ?
he first-generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile
telecommunications. These are the analog telecommunications
standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued
until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The
main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone
systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks
use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.
Although both systems use digital signaling to connect the
radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the
telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to
digital signals in 2G whereas 1G is only modulated to higher
frequency, typically 150 MHz and up.
 What is 2G ?
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless
telephone technology. Second generation 2G cellular
telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM
standard in 1991. Three primary benefits of 2G networks
over their predecessors were that phone conversations were
digitally encrypted, 2G systems were significantly more
efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile
phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services
for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
 What is 3G ?
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000
(IMT2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a
generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile
telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by
the International Telecommunication Union.
Application services include wide-area wireless voice
telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and
mobile TV, all in a mobile environment. Compared to
the older 2G and 2.5G standards, a 3G system must
allow simultaneous use of speech and data services,
and provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s
according to the IMT-2000 specification.
 3G
 A telecommunication hardware standards and general Technology for mobile networking

 It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards

 It conceived from Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS) concept for high speed
networks for enabling variety of data intensive applications

 It consists of two main standards – CDMA 2000 & w-CDMA

 3G network operators offer wide range of advanced service to its users

 This can be achieved by Spectral efficiency

 Services – wide-area wireless voice Telephone, video calls, and broadband wireless, data all in a
mobile environment
 Why 3G?
Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!!
For the consumer
Video streaming, TV broadcast
Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports
Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…
For business
High speed teleworking / VPN access
Sales force automation
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information

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 The Goal of 3G
 Higher transmit rate
 Rich and colorful service
 Good voice quality
 Larger capacity
 Lower cost
 Good secret performance
 High frequency efficiency
 Max rate up to 2.4Mb/s
 Easy to transition from 2G
 3G Wireless Networks
It represents the convergence of various 2G wireless
telecommunications systems into a single global system

first adopted in Japan and South Korea

its ability is to unify existing cellular standards such as CDMA,

GSM, and TDMA under one umbrella

this results wideband CDMA, CDMA2000

and the Universal Wireless Communication
(UWC) interfaces
What is 3G Mobile?
Evolution towards 3G
Bandwidth and Speed
The 3G Performance Advantage
 Time to download a 1 MB file:

• Fixed line modem: 3 minutes

• GSM cell phone: 15 minutes
• Enhanced GSM phone: 1-5 minutes
• 3G phone (outdoor): 21 seconds
• 3G phone (indoor): 4 seconds
 3G Capabilities
 High-speed data transmissions
 Symmetrical and asymmetrical data transmission support
 Improved voice quality
 Greater capacity
 Multiple simultaneous services
 Global roaming across networks
 Improved security
 Service flexibility
 3G Applications
• Video calling

• Internet connectivity

• Mobile email

• Multimedia services such as sharing of digital photos and movies via wireless
means

• Videos and music downloads

• Real-time multiplayer gaming

• Enhanced emergency and location-based services

• Low-latency push-to-talk and push-to-video message services

• And many more to come depending on the creativity of technologists......

 Market Drivers Towards 3G

1. Rapid growth in text, WAP and other data traffic- up to 50% of total mobile traffic
within 5 years
2. Mobile & Internet penetration both growing rapidly
3. Mobile penetration likely to exceed PCs & fixed
4. Alliances forming between major mobile, IT and e-commerce players
5. Mobile commerce and multimedia identified as key growth areas - but need
bandwidth to deliver
Types of mobile Internet connectivity

 • Global systems for mobile communication (GSM)

• High speed circuit switched data (HSCSD)
• General packet radio services (GPRS)
• Third generation (3G) mobile
• Enhanced data GSM environment (EDGE)
• Public access WLAN
• Linked public access WLANs
 Features
 Data rates

ITU has not provided a clear definition of the data rate users can expect from 3G equipment or
providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the rates it
specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will
provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users,
and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle, the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum or average rates
or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various rates are sold as 3G intended to meet
customers expectations of broadband data.

 Security

3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment)
to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one
and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream
cipher. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified .

In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application
frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property.
3G Summary

1. 3G mobile is a major opportunity for business, commerce and consumers

2. Brings together the two fastest growing market sectors - Mobile and Internet
3. Market, services and standards evolving from 2G to 3G
4. Significant opportunities for value added content and service providers
5. 3G enables higher and faster data transfer.
6. 3G gives the maximum security
Key 3G and 4G Parameters
Attribute 3G 4G
Major Characteristic Predominantly voice- data as Converged data and VoIP
add-on
Network Architecture Wide area Cell based Hybrid – integration of
Wireless Lan (WiFi), Blue
Tooth, Wide Area
Frequency Band 1.6 - 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz

Component Design Optimized antenna; multi- Smart antennas; SW multi-

band adapters band; wideband radios
Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 100+ MHz

Data Rate 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps 20 – 100 Mbps

Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM

Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

Mobile top Speed 200 kmph 200 kmph

IP Multiple versions All IP (IPv6.0)

Operational ~2003 ~2011

Some 3G Mobile Phones
Thank You