V A formal hierarchical structure

Ý ôultilevel with a hierarchy of positions of offices

Ý Information flows up the chain of command and directives flow down

V ôanagement by formal rules

Ý Úules are in writing and can be learned
Ý To ensure uniformity, regulate the behaviour of job holders and to
ensure organizational activities are predictable

V Mrganization by functional specialty

Ý dpecialized jurisdictions, offices and tasks
Ý Work is to be done by specialists and people are organized into units
based on the type of work they do or skills they have
V Vurposely impersonal
Ý ©liminates irrational emotional elements

V ©mployment based on technical qualifications

Ý ×ot hired based on friendship, family ties and favouritism
Ý delected based on merits through formal exams, education or training

V areer managers
Ý ôanagers are professional officers rather than owners of the unit they
administer
Ý Work for fixed salaries and pursue their careers within organization
Æ Veopled by men & women who devoted full
time to their narrow specialist
x Highly Differentiate
x Úesponsibility is strictly delimited ©ach subunit and
individual has their own specific task
x Technically superior than other people from other
subunit
x Acts with precision and expertise

It is predictable
x Vroceeds from categorical rules and principles
x Top officers expect that orders will be dutifully carried
out
x Lesser chaos will occur
a Impersonal
x Versonal preferences of employees are not involved
x Goods, services and other privileges can be divided fairly (
prevent disagreement )
x To treat all employees equally and customers equally

4 Vowerful
x Uncontrollable by outsiders, compliance Action must be
justified in terms of the large purpose of the organization
and guided by the norm

 Highly disciplined
x Bound by rules and authority structure
x numerous integrating mechanisms, written rules and
regulations, procedures for selection and advancement of
officials, specialized administrative staff charged
x lear task to perform
Æ Mbsessed with procedure
x Úules slow down the work because they sometimes
become more important to the bureaucrats than the
actual tasks to be done
x ×ot flexible
V KLUANG: Liaw Choo came to this country 79 years ago. Yesterday, the 85-year-old finally became a Malaysian.
Liaw was ecstatic, thanks to the help of Home Minister Datuk Seri Hishammuddin Tun Hussein.
V Õ

Õ   but failed due to many complications, such as the
Õ
´I have
Õ
 Õ 
V ´In my heart, I have always been a true Malaysian and I really wanted to be recognised as a citizen before I die,µ
she said, shedding tears of joy.
V ´I am really thankful for the minister·s help as my dream has finally come true. This is the happiest day of my
life.µ
V Liaw was among six people who received the certificates from Hishammuddin at Kampung Baru Nyior in Kluang
yesterday.
V The mother of two, who migrated to then Malaya from China with her parents when she was only six, has 
Õ
 
  ÕÕ
V Another recipient G. Singaram, 67, equated receiving the certificate as striking a lottery. He had waited for more
than 40 years to become a citizen.
V ´I was born in Slim River, Perak, in 1943 but I was ?Õ
  ÕÕ
 Õ ?

Õ Õ? Õ  I have lived my whole life in Malaysia, but only now, I have become a a
citizen,µ he said.
V The father of six children said he had applied numerous times but met one stumbling block after another.
V ´Words cannot describe how happy I am after officially becoming a Malaysian citizen.
V ´The minister has truly delivered on his promise,µ he said.
V Hishammuddin said the joy on the recipients· faces made all the hard work by ministry officers in processing
their applications worth it.
V ´I have presented such certificates to people in other places in the country, but I am really happy with this one,
as it is under my Sembrong parliamentary constituency.µ
V He also said the ministry was working out a mechanism to curb further backlogs of applications for citizenship,
birth certificates and MyKad.

ails to take into account the vast cultural
differences among societies
x hain of command, rules and rigidities causes it to be
poorly adapted to the rapid change of the environment

a ©mployee alienation
x Impersonality of the organization creates distance between
employees
x Difficult to feel committed to the organization
x Úoutine activities can be easily learned by others
4 Mverstated the extent to which
bureaucrats can and do behave rationally
x Impossible for people to react in perfect rational way
x ôix with personal emotions

 Goal displacement
x Displacement of organizational goals by sub-unit or
personal goals