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‡  
‡ 4G mobile technology is in a determining and
Standardization stage. Although 4G wireless technology
offers higher data rates and the ability to roam across
multiple heterogeneous wireless networks, several
issues require further research and development. Since
4G is still in the cloud of the sensible standards creation,
ITU and IEEE form several task forces to work on the
possible completion for the 4G mobile standards as well.
3GPP LTE is an evolution standard from UMTS, and
WiMAX is another candidate from IEEE.
‡ These technologies have different characteristics and try
to meet 4G characteristics to become a leading
technology in the future market.
‡ V


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Fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. We

can call it as Ultra Mobile Broad Band. Latest technology
in Wireless world.
‡ V






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100 Mbps to 1 Gbps. Scalable Band width ranges
from 5 to 20 MHz and optional up to 40 MHz.
‡ V


 
 
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4 G is completely based on OFDM ( Orthogonal

Frequency Division Multiplexing). 4G Technology
systems are WiMAX (802.16),
 







UMTS ( 





  and future versions of
UMTS.
‡

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3G technology sends Data from single channel. In

4G technology Data travels from Multiple channels.
MIMO -(Multiple Input and Multiple Output)
‡ V


 





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It provides comprehensive IP technology solutions

like IP Telephony, HDTV Multimedia, Ultra broad band
internet access and Ultra high resolution graphics
gaming.
‡ V


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LTE ( Long Term Evolution) Advanced standards

from 3GPP and WiMAX (802.16).
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‡ 3G performance may not be sufficient to meet needs of future high-

performance applications like multi-media, full-motion video,
wireless teleconferencing. We need a network technology that
extends 3G capacity by an order of magnitude.
‡ There are multiple standards for 3G making it difficult to roam and
interoperate across networks. we need global mobility and service
portability
‡ 3G is based on primarily a wide-area concept. We need hybrid
networks that utilize both wireless LAN (hot spot) concept and cell or
base-station wide area network design.
‡ We need wider bandwidth
‡ Researchers have come up with spectrally more efficient modulation
schemes that can not be retrofitted into 3G infrastructure
‡ We need all digital packet network that utilizes IP in its fullest form
with converged voice and data capability.
 Ò
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Using OFDM, it is possible to exploit the time
domain, the space domain, the frequency
domain and even the code domain to optimize
radio channel usage. It ensures very robust
transmission in multi-path environments with
reduced receiver complexity. As shown in
Figure, the signal is split into orthogonal sub-
carriers, on each of which the signal is
³narrowband´ (a few kHz) and therefore immune
to multi-path effects, provided a guard interval is
inserted between each OFDM symbol.
OFDMA
„ Frequency-domain-equalization, for example Multi-
carrier modulation (OFDM) or single-carrier
frequency-domain-equalization (SC-FDE) in the
downlink: To exploit the frequency selective channel
property without complex equalization.
„ Frequency-domain statistical multiplexing, for
example (OFDMA) or (Single-carrier FDMA) (SC-
FDMA, a.k.a. Linearly pre-coded OFDMA, LP-
OFDMA) in the uplink: Variable bit rate by assigning
different sub-channels to different users based on the
channel conditions
„ Turbo principle error-correcting codes: To minimize
the required SNR at the reception side
‡ Link adaption: Adaptive modulation and error-
correcting codes
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 3G (including 2.5G, sub3G) 4G

Major Requirement Predominantly voice driven - data

Converged data and voice over IP
Driving Architecture was always add on

Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based
(WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode

Dependent on country or continent

Frequency Band Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
(1800-2400 MHz)

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice

OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier

Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge
CDMA)

Forward Error
Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme
Correction

Optimized antenna design, multi- Smarter Antennas s/w multiband

Component Design
band adapters wideband radios

IP A no of air link protocols All IP (IP6.0)

 ! 
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‡ Support for interactive multimedia services like
teleconferencing & wireless Internet.
‡ Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates.
‡ Global mobility and service portability.
‡ Scalability of mobile network.
‡ Entirely Packet-Switched networks.
‡ Digital network elements.
‡ Higher band widths to provide multimedia
services at lower cost(up to 100 Mbps).
‡ Tight network security
  
 
 
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‡ On 
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‡ Estonia's EMT unveiled 4G network working in test regime on


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%$%, announcing it as the first operational 4G
network in Eastern Europe

50 Mbit/s downlink
‡ 25 Mbit/s in the uplink
  
‡ As we come up with the SWOT analysis out of this 4G
technology, it is inevitable that 4G would completely
replace 3G in a long run. Nevertheless, 4G and 3G tend
to keep a co-competitive relationship in a short run. In
order for 4G to grow in the future market, it is
unavoidable to compete with 3G and acquire 3G¶s
customers.

‡ There is also new spectrum allocation issue which

should be resolved and determined, much as the
technology feasibility. Any how, there are still plenty of
opportunities for 4G. Under these circumstances, to be
flourished in the future telecommunication market, each
technology should be finalized its standards soon and
developed systems to meet needs of consumer
demands in a right time.
  

‡ [1] Pioneer Consulting Report, ³The WiMAX Report
Emergence of Fixed & Mobile Solutions´, March, 2006.
‡ [2] Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org]
‡ [3] [http://howstuffworks.com]
‡ [3] Lu, Willie W, Open Wireless Architecture and
Enhanced Performance, Guest Editorial, IEEE
Communication Magazine, June 2003
‡ [4] ETRI Paper, ³Broadband Mobile Communications
towards a Converged World´, ITU/MIC Workshop on
Shaping the Future Mobile Information Society.
Any Queries ?