RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

•
• PRESENTED BY-
•
• Sameer Patil- 31
• Anil Patkare - 32
• Abhinita Poojary – 34
• Vaidehi Sakpal– 35
•
•
 TOPIC



Migration affecting
Metropolitan cities like
Mumbai.
•
Mumbai
mumbai
“
Financial / Commer cial / Wealth of India,
Slum Capital of the Wor ld, City that
never sleeps, City Of Dr eams, City on the
Move, Most Commuter Friendly City, T he
Par adise of Public Tr anspor t
 What is Migration ??????
•
• Migration is the movement of people from one
place in the world to another for the purpose
of taking up permanent or semi permanent
residence, usually across a political
boundary.
•

Types of MIGRATION
• Internal Migration.
• External Migration.
• Emigration.
• Immigration.
• Population transfer.
• Step Migration.
• Chain Migration.
• Return Migration.
• Seasonal Migration.
•
Types of MIGRATION
• Voluntary migration
– The migrant makes the decision to move.
– Most migration is voluntary.
– Push and Pull Factors determine whom and
where.
–
• Forced Migration
– Involuntary migration in which the mover has no
role in the decision-making process.
– Slavery.
• About 11 million African slaves were brought to the
Americas between 1519 and 1867.
• In 1860, there were close to 4 million slaves in the
United States.
– Refugees.
– Military conscription.
– Children of migrants.
Types of MIGRATION ..Contd
Spring Summer
• Circular migration


– A type of
temporary
migration.
–
Fall / Winter – Associated with
agricultural
work.
–
– The migrant
follows the
harvest of
various crops,
moving from
one place to
another each
time.
.

•Video
Reasons to move?
• To find work.
• Earn money to send home (Remittances).
• Shortage of land, food or opportunities is rural areas.
• Freedom from traditional rural society.
• Pull of the bright lights.
• War, Natural disasters.
• Hope to receive support from Govt or NGO’s in the
event of food shortages.
Spatial Variation in
Migration.
•
• Maharashtra, Delhi, Gujarat and Haryana have
largest net in Migrants.
• Largest numbers of out Migrants are from states
such as Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• Among the Urban agglomeration (UA), Greater
Mumbai received the higher number of in Migrants
• Intra state in Migrants are largest in Greater Mumbai



Reasons of Migration to metropolitan city.
Push Factor

• Poverty.
• High Population.
• Pressure on the land.
• Lack of basis Infrastructural Facilities like health and education.
• Natural disasters such as flood, droughts, Cyclonic storms,
earthquake and local conflict also give extra push to migrate.
•
Pull Factors

• Better Job opportunities.

• Availability of regular work and relatively high wages.
• Better opportunities for education, better health facilities and
sources of entertainment.



Net Migration to Mumbai City (In Lakhs)
ation in census of India.

of Birth is different from the place of enumeration (30% of Total Population)

nce – If the place of last residence is different from the place of enumerati

nder the Internal Migration

•
Social Consequences

• Causes anonymity, which creates social vacuum and sense of dejection

among individuals.
• Continued feeling of dejection may motivate people to fall in the trap of
anti-social activities like crime and drug abuse.
• Affects women more in rural areas


Environmental Consequences


• Overcrowding put pressure on the existing social and physical

infrastructure in the metropolitan cities.
• Unplanned growth of urban settlement and formation of slums colonies
• Due to over exploitation of natural resources cities are facing the acute
problem of depletion of ground water, air Pollution and disposal of
sewage and management of solid wastes.


•
• Consequences of migration on metropolitan city
•
• Economic Consequences
• Unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused
overcrowding.
• Development of slums in industrially developed states such as
Maharashtra Gujarat and Delhi is the result of unregulated migration.
• The under-development gets even worse due to out migration of skilled
people.


• Demographic Consequences
• Results in imbalances in sex composition due to selective male or female
migration.
• Rural areas face shortage of skilled People because most of skilled and
semi skilled people migrate to urban areas.



Advantages of Migration to Cities where people
migrated
•
• Income generation
•
• Availability of cheap labour for Industry.
•
• Use of skill and talent of migrated people.
•
• Migrants act as agents of social change. The new ideas related to new
technologies, family planning, girl’s education, etc. get spread from urban
to rural areas through them.
•
• Migration also leads to intermixing of people from diverse cultures and
results in the evolution of composite culture.
•
• The mind set of people changes. They start thinking broadly and the narrow
views changes.
•

Disadvantages of Migration to Cities in which people
migrate.
•
• Increase in Density of Population leading to slums.
•
• Excessive use of resources, like land, water, fuel and electricity.
•
• Unemployement
•
• Increase in crime, thus security issues arises.
•
• Adverse effect on health of local resident.
•
• Illiteracy. (eg.Chinoy College)
•
• Arises infrastructure problem.
•
•
 § Non payment of tax by migrated people.

§ Effect on environment.

§ Outflow of revenue.

§ Illegal resident.

§ The under-development gets even worse due to out migration

of skilled people.

§ Unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has

caused overcrowding.
§
§
•
Solution on Migration Problem.
• Creation of employment Opportunities in every part of the country.
• Infrastructure development is required in those cities from where people
are migrating and also in those cities in which people are migrating.
• Good education facilities should be provided.
• Governance required on activities of development of the each state.
• Issuance of work permit for migrating people for fixed period.
• Government should introduce policy which keeps a check on migration
of people from one city to another.
•
•
Thank you…