AEROSOL

Presented by
Mr. Lokhande Umesh R.

Under The Guidance of

Mr. Gaware Sir &

Padmavar Sir

Vishal Institute Of Pharmaceutical Education & research, Ale

Aerosol:
Definition:
-It is pressurized dosage form in which therapeutically active drug is
dissolved or dispersed or suspended in compressed or liquefied gas to
expel the content from the container in the form of spray & intended
for oral or topical administration or into the administration of body
orifices.

-It is also known as canister/pressure package/pressurized package.

- In mid 1950 the pharmaceutical aerosol introduced in market.

 
- Pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols represent a complex dosage form
which allows delivery of a therapeutically active medicament to the
respiratory tract.
 
- It provides high drug concentration in broncho-alveolar fluids & other
lung diseases.
 
- It also provides means to prevent significant liver extraction for
compounds with high first pass metabolism.
E.g. leuprolide acetate.
 
- Aerosol mainly used for the treatment of Asthma and COPD
disease etc….

Physicochemical properties:

Size:

-Particle size of an aerosol is standardized by calculation of its

aerodynamic diameter.

- To penetrate to the peripheral (respirable) regions, aerosol require

a size less than about 5 or 6 µm with less that 2µm being preferable
for alveolar region.

Shape

Structure of aerosol particles

Number or mass concentration is prerequisite for the accurate

determination of the effective dose
Advantages:
 
Convenience, speed & ease of application.

Avoidance of manual contact with medicament

Useful for both systemic & local effect.

Hepatic first pass avoided.

 Controlled & uniform dosage delivered by metered valves.

 
Absence of air in container prevents oxidation of susceptible drugs.
 
 Dose can be removed without contamination of remaining material.

Prevents Oxidation of drugs.

 
 
 
 
 
Disadvantages:
 
Costlier than traditional pack.

Disposal may difficult.

 
Pack should not be subjected to heat.

If the drug is not soluble in propellant formulation difficulties arised.

There may be propellant toxicity when inhalation therapy last for a long
period. Heart patient may be at risk if propellants are inhaled.

Some propellants (CFC’S) cause environmental problem.

 Types of inhalers:
 
1. Pressurized (propellant based) metered dose inhalers. (pMDI).

2. Dry powder inhalers

3. Liquid inhalers

4. Non-pressurized MDI.

5. Nano-spray dryer

6. Nebulizer: types

a. Electronic nebulizer
b. Jet nebulizer
c. Multifunctional ultrasonic nebulizer (double head).
d. Vibrating-mesh nebulizers
 
 
 Application:

specific drugs used for pulmonary drug delivery system:

1. For asthma:
a. Beta adrenergic agent (e.g. Salbutamol)
b. Anticholinergic (e.g. Ipratromium
bromide)

2. Topical preparation.

3. Local analgesics.
E.g. ethyl chloride spray act both propellant & analgesic

4. Local anaesthetics E.g. Xylocaine or Benzocaine

5. Antiseptic & skin sterilizers e.g. Benzalkonium chloride

 6. Application of nanotechnology to aerosol science field.
Nanosuspensions as a drug concentrate.

7. Skin dressings

8. Fungicidal agents. E.g. Undecylenic acid.

9. Anti-parasitic agent (treatment of scabies).

10. Antibiotic e.g. Neomycin

11. Anti-inflammatory agent. E.g. hydrocortisone

12. Anti-pruritics E.g. Fluocinolone acetonide

13. Anti-histaminic agent (low dose)

14. Anti-viral e.g. Zenamavir, Rebavirin

15. Blood glucose modifier:

1. Anti-diabetic (e.g. Insulin)
2. Hyperglycemic agents (e.g. Glucagon)
THANK

YOU