UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)

86400 PARIT RAJA, BATU PAHAT

JOHOR, MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING

GEOTECHNICS PROJECT
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. MUHAMAD TAUFIK@ADAM B ABD RASHID
2. MOHD SHAUTI BIN GHAZALI@MOHD ZAIN
3. FARAH SOFHIA BINTI MOHD ZIN
4. RAJA JULALI BINTIRAJA ALI
5. AMIRAH SILMI BINTI AHMAD SHAKRI

LECTURER:
MR. KHAIRUL NIZAR BIN YUSOF
VERTICAL
DRAIN
 WHAT?

HOW? WHY?

5W1H

WHO? WHERE?

WHEN?
 WHAT
well, pipe, pit, or bore in porous,
underground strata into which
drainage water can be discharge
without contaminating any
groundwater resources

TYPES :
artificially-created drainage paths 1)sand drains
which are inserted into the soft
clay subsoil 2)fabric encased sand drains
3)prefabricated sand drains

VERTICAL
DRAIN
VERTICAL DRAIN
PREFABRICATED VERTICAL
DRAIN (PVD)
A band-shaped(rectangular cross section) consist of
synthetic geotextile “jacket” sorrounding a plastic core

Function of drain jacket

Function of drain core

 Different types of
prefabricated vertical
drains (PVD)
 WHY
●
to shorten the
consolidation time
●
to accelerate the
PURPOS consolidation process of
the clay subsoil
E ●
to gain rapid strength
increase to improve the
stability of structures on
weak clay foundation.
Preloading of subsoil
without vertical drains

Preloading with vertical

drains
RESULT EXAMPLE : TIME VS % CONSOLIDATION
 WHERE
Type of soil

Cohesive, fine inorganic silts & PV drains not

grained soils, clays , organic silts appropriate in
either organic or &clays,decompose highly pervious
inorganic d peat or “muck” or granular soils.
 WHEN
WHEN IS THE INSTALLATION OF THE
VERTICAL DRAIN

o Before infrastructure or buildings were

develop in any area.

-It is necessary that the ground upon which the

development is to take place adequately consolidated in
order to take the load of the infrastructure or building.
o When the area has a weak soil.
(Silt And Clay)

-This is especially where construction is to take on

reclaimed land.

-Large amounts of clay, silty and marine clay are to be

found in many areas inland and onshore where land is to
be reclaimed.

-These weak soils have a high water content which must

be reduced so that the ground can consolidate before
construction take place.
 WHO
CONTRACTOR ENGINEER

THE APPROVAL

• Four weeks prior to the •Approval by the Engineer of the

beginning of trial PVD method or equipment used to
installation, the Contractor install the trial drains shall not
shall submit full details of the constitute, necessarily, acceptance
materials, equipment, sequence for the remainder of the project.
and method
proposed for PVD installation to
the Engineer for review and
approval.
Thecorrugation
Prefabricated
The
HOW
the
cros s-section
consists
dimensions
surface
wrapped
drains
the
of aof
pore water
DOES VERTICAL
withmm 
100 a whereas
prevents
core
filter
of250
corrugated
are
DRAINAGE WORK
vertical
composite
to
by 4the
the
flowstrip
mm core
drains
of the core allow
to theare
and the
slieve
theindelivered
soil from blocking
a permeable
tochannels.
slieve.
300 m length.
strip

on rolls
HOW
Th
e
rol
ls
are
mo
unt
ed
on
the
ins
tall
ati
on
rig
s
on
sit
e
for
ins
tall
ati
on
The
Immediately
ThePVD
The areafter
drain
pore-waterinstalled
is inserted
tension into
the soil with a
installation the drain starts
into the compressible
is dissipated and
special installation
to wick the pore-waterrig  intoa
soil to thewhere
settlement ofprescribed
triangular grid
the surface the1itto
of ground
2
enhanced
depth.
metre spacing. 
evaporates or flows away.

T
he
re
su
lt
is
an
ac
ce
ler
at
ed
co
ns
oli
da
tio
n
of
th
e
gr
ou
nd
.
In eithermay
PVD case,be
theinstalled
drain is
HOW IS PVD
enclosed in a tubular steel
employing either
mandrel of small cross-sectional
vibratory
area usually 2orx 5static crowd
INSTALLED 
methods.
125mm).
inches(50 x

A
sm
all
ste
el
an
ch
or
pla
te
is
att
ac
he
d
to
the
dr
ain
at
the
bo
tto
m
of
the
ma
nd
rel
.
Themandrel
The
When anchor plate
is then
the design
driven in to the soil
retains
depth
either withthe drainthe
is reached,
a static
mandrel
crowd is extracted.
in theorsoil.
vibratory rig

Wh
en
the
ma
ndr
el
is
full
y
ext
ract
ed,
the
dra
in
is
cut
off,
a
ne
w
anc
hor
plat
e is
inst
alle
d
and
the
pro
ces
s
beg
ins
aga
in.
THE PROCEDURE OF INSTALLATION
 CONCLUSION
To decrease the overall time required for
completion of primary consolidation due to
preloading

To increase the rate of strength gain due to

consolidation of soft soils when stability is of
concern.

To improve the effectiveness of natural

drainage layers below loaded areas
Q&A