BUY BACK

POWER ON
GRID
CONNECTED
RESIDENTIAL
PV

By:
Clark Darwin M. Gozon
 THE PROBLEM

At present, Philippines don’t have the

pricing rates for selling surplus power
generated by residential PV.

The lack this rates in selling power back to

grid is the main problems that the
researcher sighted.
 OBJECTIVES
To determine energy pricing rate for different PV
modules considering the following: 5%, 10%, 15%
and zero or breakeven set profit at the end of
systems usable life.
To determine the annual energy exported, the total
projected income within the system life expectancy
based on the end-user load profile considered in this
study.
To determine which type of PV technology has the
cheapest price of energy.
To evaluate whether the system’s overall expenses
can be recovered.
 METHODOLOGY

Solar Geometry (δ, ω, ω0 , S0) Correction factor (Cf) Array Orientation

Array Orientation
(S)
(S)
Site Location
Site Location (ψ)
(ψ)

Average Array Select PV

Select PV modules
modules
Efficiency (ηp) (Pstcstc,,β, ηrr,,,, TTrr))
(P ,,β, η
Mean monthly
Mean monthly daily
daily Clearness Index Extraterrestrial
solar radiation
solar radiation (Kt) radiation (H0)
User Load
User Load Profile
Profile

Losses
Losses
Hourly Solar Radiation Required Array Size(Pr)
LCC
LCC (I) Dirt & Dust(λpp)) ,, Wiring
Dirt & Dust(λ Wiring
(λpp),), inverter
(λ inverter (η
(ηinv
inv))
Initial Cost
(module price,
BoS)
Number of module (N0)
Maintenance System Output
(hourly, daily, yearly)
Replacement

Set Profit
Life-Cycle Energy Cost Discount Rates
Discount Rates
Salvage (PhpKWh)
 METHODOLOGY

End-used Load
End-used Load Profile
Profile Discount Rates
Discount Rates Cash
Cash
Life-Cycle outflow
outflow
Energy
Cost Export
Purchased Energy from
(Php/KWh) Grid
(KWh, Php) Iniatial Cost
(KWh, Php)
(module price,
BoS)

Net Income
(Php)
NET Maintenance
PRESENT
System Savings VALUE
(KWh, Php) Replacement
Output (Php)

(hourly, daily,
yearly) (KWh)
Salvage
Utility Rate Escalation Rate
 RESULTS

Predicted Insolation in July 1

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
KW/m2

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
time
 MODULE SPECIFICATIONS
System No. 1 2 3 4 5
Sharp/N Sanyo/HI Solon LQTRADE
Yingli/YL
Brand/Model E- T Power Blue/ /LQ190-
230 P-29b
170UC1 N 210N 220/01 72M
Technology Poly-si HIT Poly-si Mono-si Poly-si
Maximum power
170 210 220 190 230
(W)
Impp (amp) 4.9 5.09 7.85 5.34 7.8
Vmpp (volt) 35.4 41.3 28.75 35.6 29.5
Temp coe. (%/C°) -0.485 -0.336 -0.42 -0.38 -0.4
NOCT (C°) 47.5 46 47 45.4 46
Efficiency (%) 13.13 16.70 14.33 17.70 14.10
Area (m2/module) 1.3 1.261 1.64 1.277 1.633
Life expectancy
25 25 25 25 25
(years)
Price ($/module) 524 760 594 892 585
 Pre-sizing Results

System No. 1 2 3 4 5

Module
nominal power 170 210 220 190 230
(W)

No. modules 30 27 24 25 25
Array nominal
5,100 5,670 5,280 4,750 5,750
power (W)
Area required
39.00 34.04 39.36 31.93 40.83
(m2)
Cost module
22,532 32,680 25,542 38,356 25,155
(Php/module)
 Initial Year Energy Production
7,000
6,933.53
6,900 6,854.82
6,848.14
6,798.96
6,800
KWh

6,700
6,621.45
6,600

6,500

6,400
1 2 3 4 5
System
 SYSTEMS INITIAL COST
SYSTEM NO.
ITEMS
1 2 3 4 5
Module  
PV cost
  691680 902880 627264 981200 643500
(Php)
Balance Of
 
System
Inverter cost
  160446 178378 166109 149435 180895
(Php)

  Labor (Php) 168300 187110 174240 156750 189750

Permit/inspe
  56100 62370 58080 52250 63250
ctions (Php)
 Total
1469226 1767328 1432253 1705385 1520145
Investment cost
 PRESENT WORTH OF ANNUAL EXPENSES
Sys Net Present Sys Net Present
years Cost (Php) years Cost (Php)
no. Value no. Value

Maintenance Profit 5% of the investment

1 25 14,692.26 133,362.23 1 25 84,105.66 7,762.62
2 25 100,808.12 9,304.19
2 25 17,673.28 160,421.09
3 25 82,229.53 7,589.46
3 25 14,322.53 130,006.16
4 25 96,712.54 8,926.18
4 25 17,053.85 154,798.48
5 25 87,389.48 8,065.70
5 25 15,201.45 137,984.17
Profit 10% of the investment
Inverter Replacement 1 25 167,211.32 15,525.23
1 10 155,591.48 59,987.25 2 25 201,616.23 18,608.37
  20 145,690.20 21,655.92 3 25 164,459.07 15,178.91
2 10 167,401.08 64,540.36 4 25 193,425.09 17,852.36
  20 156,748.28 23,299.63 5 25 174,778.97 16,131.40
3 10 155,886.72 60,101.08 Profit 15% of the investment
  20 145,966.66 21,697.01 1 25 252,316.98 23,287.87
4 10 140,239.00 54,068.21 2 25 302,424.35 27,912.56
  20 131,314.70 19,519.09 3 25 246,688.60 22,768.37
5 10 169,763.00 65,450.99 4 25 290,137.63 26,778.54
  20 158,959.90 23,628.38 5 25 262,168.45 24,197.10
 ENERGY PRICE (Php/KWh)

SYSTEMS
Set Profit
1 2 3 4 5

break- 27.90 33.47 28.24 31.72 29.23

even

5% 28.08 33.68 28.42 31.90 29.42

10% 28.25 33.89 28.60 32.09 29.61
15% 28.43 34.09 28.79 32.28 29.80
Cash Flow
 Investment Recovery
System
1 2 3 4 5
No.
Savings 186,881.87 186,871.37 186,208.32 187,113.20 186,669.69

Sys. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Inflow
Net Income 1,198,215 1,460,447 1,177,472 1,406,290 1,263,940
Outflow
Initial 1,469,226 1,767,328 1,432,253 1,705,385 1,520,145
Maintenance 133,362 160,421 130,006 154,798 137,984
Replacement 79,525 88,413 82,332 74,067 89,661
 
Net Cash
-483,898 -555,716 -467,119 -527,961 -483,850
Flow

This is at 15% set Profit

 CONCLUSION
Module that generates the cheapest energy cost from
the modules considered is sharp at 27.90 Php per KWh
and the module that generates the most expensive is
Sanyo at 33.47 Php per KWh. This is at zero set profit
and the price would increase if the set profit is
increased.
As of these days, a grid connected residential PV is
economically not feasible because expenses could not
be recovered after the expected life of PV.
This deficit was due to the fact that the rate used to get
the savings is the rate of the utility when in fact the
energy used was coming from PV which is more or less
5 times the rate of utility.
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS!!!
 BUY BACK
POWER ON
GRID
CONNECTED
RESIDENTIAL
PV

By:
Clark Darwin M. Gozon