Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Muscle spasm
• Refraction anomalies
• Anomalies of anatomy of the eye muscle
Etiology of Strabismus (Cont.)
Heterotropia :
• Congenital :
Eye muscle or neural anomalies
• Disturbances of accommodation
• Infection
• Trauma
• Head/brain neoplasm
• Specific eye disease that attack macula
toxoplasmosis
Clinical Symptom
Subjective :
• Heterophoria :
Blurred vision, especially when tired
Headache after reading
• Heterotopia :
Diplopia
Eye ball’s range of movement limited
• Hirschberg test
• Modified Krimsky’s method test
Assessment (Cont.)
Cover tests
• Cover-uncover test
• Alternate cover test
Therapy of Strabismus
Main goal of therapy Single
binocular vision
Other goal cosmetic reason
Treatment :
anopsia)
Severity of Amblyopia
Mild Amblyopia :
• Visual acuity : 0,6 or better
Moderate Amblyopia :
• Visual acuity : 0,2 – 0,6
Severe Amblyopia
• Visual acuity : 0,1 – 0,2
Therapy of Amblyopia
Goal of therapy :
• Normal visual acuity of both eye
• Perfect eye ball position of both of eye
• Streoscopic eye
Prognosis of the therapy is depend
on :
• Age onset of Amblyopia
• When the treatment begin
• Severity of amblyop
• Fixation type
• Patient’s compliance
Therapy (Cont.)
Principal of therapy train the
amblyopic eyes with :
• Occlude fellow eyes (the health eyes)
• Cyclopegic on fellow eye (Penalization)
• CAM stimulator (still controversial)
Recurrence 50%