WHAT IS

NANOTECHNOLOGY

 An Art and Science of manipulating individual

atoms and molecules to create useful materials,
devices and system.

 isaimed to work at atomic and molecular scales,

approximately 1 - 100 nanometer range.
IMPACT ON SPHERES
 Nanoparticles
– Catalysts for industrial chemical processing
Nanocapsules
– Possible organ specific drug delivery
 Nanomaterials
– Improved strength and weight.
 Nanomechanical devices
 Nanoelectronic devices
– Computation
– Communication
• DNA sequencing
 Point-of-care clinical diagnoses
 Fundamental studies of molecular biology
NANOELECTRONICS AND
COMPUTING
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH /
MEDICINE
 Improve imaging of the human body.

 Nanoprobes (miniature machines)

can attach themselves to particles in
the body like antibodies and produce
a
magnetic field. This allows tracking of
complicated biological system.
Nanoprobes have been found to kill
cancer in mice.

 The drug can hit the exact spot where

the medication needs to be. Hence is
more effective. 

 A heart attack is the blockage of major

blood vessels that support the heart.

 Nanobots can fix this problem by

clearing clots that start to appear and
move the material along.
GY IN
SPACE
 makes the spacecraft lighter and
finer, hence letting it breakthrough air
and space.
• is used in an astronaut body Nanolithograp
• nanochip can detect where the hy
bones aren't dense enough - Simulated
• help warn off germs and MARS dust
diseases in space as the
microgravity can also have an
effect on the immune system as well
as the skeletal system.
 is inserted in space food to help
keep bacteria away even without
refrigeration ,and make it lighter .

Optical image of
MARS analogs
IN NASA
miniaturization,
key thrust area
to enable new
science and
exploration
missions
---ultra small
sensors, &
propulsion
systems with
very low mass &
power
cnsumption are Faster, better, cheaper
needed space transportation with
nanotubes
 allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure.
 Hollow cylinders made of carbon atoms .
novel properties ---- extraordinary strength ,
unique electrical properties,
are efficient conductors of heat.
Potentially useful in
nanotechnology, electronics, optics,
other fields of materials science,
architectural fields.

 nature of the bonding of a nanotube is described by ----

orbital hybridization.
 naturally align themselves into "ropes" held together by
Van der Waals forces.

 Under high pressure, merges together, producing strong,

unlimited-length wires .
  TO make hydrogen vehicles
practical ... someday

 to make spacecrafts lighter and

finer.

 to create computers more powerful .

 as building material for the next generation televisions,

although the improvements of LCDs, OLCDs.

 as nano-wires or as active components in electronic devices.

 catalyst supports.
 help agriculture in the world.

--- reduce pesticide use,

--- improve plant and animal breeding,
--- Nanobots may attach to cattle to prevent them from disease- Mad Cow Disease ,
i.e malfunction in brain and spinal cord due to which there is trouble to stand up.

o Food ‘fortification’ : increase the nutritional claims about a given processed food.
E.g junk foods like ice cream and chocolate.

o prevent diseases through badly cooked foods ,

by thermostabilizing food so bacteria won't
come.
 Y
• Beneficial for the energy production infrastructure worldwide.
 provides a lot of surface, which lets heat and light enter more efficiently.
 titanium dioxide (low purity material) is used in nanocrystalline cells.
They are quite cheap .

• self-assembling properties of
chemicals at the nano-scale level
promotes electron flow.
• Such cells could be combined with
logic circuits to create photo-optical
computers that carry their own power
source with them.
• Use of fossil fuels and its destructive
impacts could be dramatically reduced.
NANOROBOTS: MEDICINE FUTURE

Such robots are going to

enter in your body and
going to take full charge
over it.
FIELDS OF APPLICATION:
1 > To cure skin diseases: achieve the
elusive goal of 'deep pore cleaning'
cleaning
by actually reaching down into pores
and cleaning them out.

2> A mouthwash full of smart

nanomachines could identify and
destroy pathogenic bacteria .

3> helps in unblocking of

arteries affected by plaques,
hence preventing heart attacks.
 DNA – Size ~1nm
Chemical nanocomputing:
• Computing is based on chemical reactions (bond breaking &
bond making)
• Inputs are encoded in the molecular structure of the reactants and
outputs are can be extracted from the structure of the products.
• can store vast quantities data in
its sequence of four bases (A,G,T,C) & natural enzymes
can manipulate this information.

 nanostructures useful for wires,

switches, rectifiers & memories.
  Biological Nano-motors
– ATP synthase

– Kinesin, Actin important for

muscle movement

• 10 nm nanomachine at the
mitochondria membrane

• convert ADP to ATP

• Extremely important for metabolism

<------------------------
10 nm
FUTURE USES OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
The clothing industry is starting to feel the effects of nanotechnology.

embedded nanoparticles create stain-repellent khakis,hence reducing demand of detergent markers and dry
cleaners.
It’s really a revolutionary,
transformative,
powerful and potential new
technology for reconstructing nature
at the atomic and molecular level.
And very recently you gonna feel
it!!!!!
JUST WAIT AND
WATCH!!!!!!!!!