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Electromagnetic radiation is classified according to

the frequency of its wave. In order of increasing frequency and
decreasing wavelength, these are radio
waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet
radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.

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˜ EM radiation interacts with single atoms and molecules, its
behavior depends on the amount of energy per quantum it
carries.
˜ The second of Maxwell's equations yields the magnetic field.
The remaining equations will be satisfied by this choice of .

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made by: Saged Kamel
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˜ Oeostationary Satellites stay parked at one spot
over the equator and move in the same direction
as Earth¶s rotation. They make one orbit per day
as Earth rotates once on its axis.
˜ The satellites have a wide ³foot-print´.

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˜ ieing so far from the surface of Earth allows
the satellites to field of view.
˜ It maintains constant contact with it.
˜ ieing fixed makes them extremely useful for
asynchronous communications where a time
delay is not of particular concern.
˜ Other uses of O O are for weather
forecasting.
˜ However they have limited spatial resolution
as compared to the polar orbiting satellites in
view of their distance from the earth.

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˜ polar orbit results in gaps in coverage
and many places are often observed
twice a day or less.

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The O
imager:
˜ The OOES imager is a
multichannel instrument
that senses radiant
energy emitted in the
terrestrial (longwave)
and reflected in the solar
(shortwave)
wavelengths.
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The OOES sounder:
˜ The OOES sounder
measures emitted
radiation in 18 infrared
bands and reflected solar
radiation in one visible
band. The energy in the
bands is affected by the
temperature, moisture
and ozone content of the
air.
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˜ The sensor is High Resolution IR Sounder (HIRS),
and dvance Microwave Sounding Unit ( MSU)
onboard NO series of satellites.

˜ Future satellites will carry more advanced sensors

like imaging spectrometers.

˜ Oeostationary Imaging Fourier Transform

Spectrometer (OIFTS) is a fine example of this new-
generation sensor.

˜ OIFTS, when operational, is expected to provide the

vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and winds
at several atmospheric layers in vertical.

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˜ #$ : The main objective here is to obtain
the required information over a 2-dimensional plane. The
best suited sensors for this class are imaging radiometers
operating in visible, infrared or microwave frequencies.

˜ #
% $ The spectral details of an

electromagnetic signal are of crucial importance.
particular object of interest, for example an atmospheric
layer, or, the ocean surface, interacts differently with
different wavelengths of electromagnetic(EM) spectra.

˜ $
$ The intensity of EM radiation can

provide several clues about the object of interest. In most
cases, the satellite sensors measure the intensity of the
radiation reflected from the object to know the dielectric
properties and the roughness of the object.
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The satellite imageries in common operational use are:

˜ -isible (-IS) - imagery derived from reflected sunlight at visible and

near-infrared wavelength (0.4 - 1.1 um).

˜ Infrared (IR) imagery (Fig. ) derived from emissions by the earth and
its atmosphere at thermal infrared wavelengths (10-12 um)

˜ Water -apour (W-) imagery derived from water vapor emissions (6-
7um) and

˜ 3.7 um (often referred to as channel 3) imagery in the overlap region of

solar and terrestrial radiation and hence sometimes called near IR.

˜ Images from microwave radiometer such as Special Sensor

Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I), and TRMM Microwave Imagers (TMI) can
provide a lot of useful information.

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˜ Electromagnetic radiation

˜ Oeostationary satellite, its advantages

and disadvantages.

˜ How O O use EM Radiation..?

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made by: Saged Kamel