Professional Documents
Culture Documents
m t
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Be
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Ma Saf
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Engineering
Controls
Traditional Hierarchy of Safety
Interventions Included:
• Management leadership
• vision, values, commitment
• safety goals & objectives
• costs of safety performance
• Safety organization
• safety committees
• safety staff resource
• safety budget
Safety Management System Interventions
7 components (continued)
• Safety training
• Based on needs assessments
• Designed & presented effectively
• For both management & employees
• Results in observable changes in behavior on the job
• Safety communications
• Internal & external
• Appropriate for audience
• Effectiveness of communication methods
If Safety Interventions are Effective You
Will See:
• % of safe behaviors increasing and the % at-risk
behaviors decreasing
• Reporting of near misses / hits increasing
• Both the number of observations and level of
participation increasing
• Frequency & severity of injuries decreasing
• Increasing acceptance of responsibility and
accountability for personal behavior
A business succeeds or fails through the
performance of all of its employees
“Business is Behavior” *
Observable
Measurable
therefore
however
Attitudes can be changed by
changing behaviors
ABC Model
Antecedents
(trigger behavior)
Behavior
(human performance)
Consequences
(either reinforce or punish behavior)
Definitions:
Sunbathing
Aggressive Drivers
Only 4 Types of Consequences:
Behavior
•Punishment (P)
("If you do this, you'll be penalized")
•Extinction (E)
("Ignore it and it'll go away")
Consequences Influence Behaviors
Based Upon Individual Perceptions
of:
Magnitude - large or
Significance - positive
or negative { small
Impact -
other
personal or
R-
R+
P
e
r
f
o The effects of positive
r reinforcement
m
a
n
c
Time
e
Both Punishment & Extinction
Decrease Behavior
E
P P
e
r The effects of
f punishment
o
r
m
a
n
c
e Time
P
e
r E
f The effects of extinction
o
r
m
a
n
c
e Time
If you see this type of
performance curve, you can bet
P management by negative
e reinforcement is the
r
f predominant management style
o
r
m
a
n
c
e Time
What Employees Want:
• A Safe Workplace
• A Positive Workplace
• To Take Care of One Another
• To Stop the Hurt!
What Management Wants: