CONTACTLESS ENERGY

TRANSFER
DEEPSHIKHA
MEL-194-2K9
M.Tech 2nd Sem
(Power system & Drives)
Overview

 Electrical wiring problem for plant or production

engineers.
 The advantages of portability and wireless
communication are greatly hindered by the fact
that the devices themselves must be plugged
into the walls to charge.
 We need cheap and versatile wireless/
contactless energy transfer technology.
Background

 In 1856, the early days of electromagnetism,

before the electric wire grid was developed,
Nikola Tesla worked towards transport of energy
over long distances without any carrier medium.
 Radiative modes of Omnidirectional antennas.
 Directed radiation modes using laser or highly
directional antennas.
 With the invent of autonomous electronics, the
issue revisited.
Background

 Discovery of electromagnetic radiation in the

form of radiowaves.
 Soljačić realized that instead of irradiating the
environment with electromagnetic waves, fill the
space with a "non-radiative" electromagnetic
field.
 Non-radiative mid-range energy transfer based
on the principle of resonant coupling.
 Energy transfer possible for small distances.
Resonant Energy Transfer

 Principle:Two same-frequency resonant objects

tend to couple, while interacting weakly with
other off-resonant environmental objects.
 Transmitter coils and circuitry -Coils in parallel
with a suitable capacitor.
 Receiver coils and circuitry - Coils are similar of
designs are made to work at the same resonant
frequency as the primary.
 Coupling - tight, loosely, over, or critical
 FEEDBACK CONTROL

CURRENT
PIC
DAC/VCO GATE BLOCK
MICRO DRIVERS
SENSOR
CONTOLLER DIAGRAM

WALL DC FULL-BRIDGE BOTTOM

TOP COIL AIR GAP
VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER COIL

BUCK
CONVERTER

RECTIFIER
CELL PHONE TRANS-
AND FILTER
FORMER
LAPTOP
 CET Desktops

Uses coupled resonant coils in a flat "pad" style to

transfer tens of watts to a variety of consumer
devices, including lamp, phone, PDA, iPod etc.
CET Desktops - Introduction

 The energy is transferred by magnetic field and

the mutual inductance between the primary and
secondary coils.
 Wooden or plastic table is embedded with a
matrix of hexagon spiral windings and electronic
devices fitted with power receiving coils.
 The increase in the electromagnetic coupling
between the primary and secondary coils,
allows power to be transferred.
 CET Desktops - Development
 The coil design plays the most important role.
 Estimate the magnetic field intensity and the self and
mutual inductances of hexagon spiral windings.
 The control and commutation systems to activate and
control the currents in the windings.
 Advanced issues such as communications, shielding,
heating problems and stability needs to be taken in
consideration.
 Optimization in the coil geometries and the circuit
allows to develop the most efficient solution.
CET using Curved coils and
Capacitive Plates
Curved Coils & Capacitive Plates

 Researchers at MIT reported discovered an

efficient way to transfer power between coils
separated by a few meters. Soljacic and team
extended the distance between the coils by
adding resonance to the equation.
 The theory uses a curved coil of wire as an
inductor. A capacitance plate, which can hold a
charge, attaches to each end of the coil. As
electricity travels through this coil, the coil
begins to resonate.
Curved Coils & Capacitive Plates

 One coil can even send electricity to several

receiving coils, as long as they all resonate at
the same frequency.
 The researchers have named this non-radiative
energy transfer since it involves stationary fields
around the coils rather than fields that spread in
all directions.
 The setup could power or recharge all the
devices in one room.
Benefits

 Eliminate the cords and large power bricks on

the ground that make tripping hazards.
 Allows no wire installation and mobility in
particular area.
 Maintenance free system.
 Can be made without polluting the environment.
 Coupling is achieved using magnetic fields so
technology is relatively safe.
Limitations

 Energy transfer is possible to short distances as

it relies on two coils in range with each other and
resonating at the same frequency.
 Compared to inductive transfer in transformers,
the efficiency is somewhat lower (around 80% at
short range).
 Compared to non- rechargeable batteries, the
costs is hundreds times higher.
Applications
 Used to transfer energy to multiple devices for
charging purpose or powering other commonly
used household gadgets.
 Industrial applications by elimination of mess
created by wires and maintenance costs.
 Used to power automated freely roaming robots.
 Used as power source in surgical applications
since using wires in such areas may be
cumbersome and pose risks.
Applications

 Used for powering several lights at few feets in

industries.
 SEW-Eurodrive, Lyman, S.C. produce EMC
tested CET device called Movitrans, for use as
a power supply for transport systems in
logistics centers, floor conveyors, automatically
guided vehicle systems, and conveyor trolleys.
THANK YOU