A summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement --- in your own words ---of the contents of a passage. To paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other people s ideas in one s own words.
A summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement --- in your own words ---of the contents of a passage. To paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other people s ideas in one s own words.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
A summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement --- in your own words ---of the contents of a passage. To paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other people s ideas in one s own words.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement --- in your own words ---of the contents of a passage. ` Note: you simply report back what the writer has said, without making value judgments. Ô
` Ôan be understood without reference to the
original; ` Is a faithful reproduction of, or contains only the ideas or information of, the original; ` Is brief without any unnecessary detail; ` Is a readable unified whole
0. Paraphrasing To paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other peopleƞs ideas in oneƞs own words. G
The development and spread of new
technologies have made the rise of globalization inevitable. New technologies have made globalization inevitable.
` It helps us understand the original
better. ` It helps us grasp the central idea and the main points. ` It helps us write summaries that are brief and to the point, and in our own words. |
ºead the original carefully and
comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly.
Ôonsider the original article as a
whole, not in isolated sentences.
Ñ. Ôondensing
` Use synonyms or synonymous phrases
He had a good command of English. (He knew English well.) ` Ôhange the structure of simple sentences My brother has an appreciation of modern architecture. (My brother appreciates modern architecture.) ` Turn complex sentences into simple sentences When he entered the house, he received a welcome that was as cold as ice. (He received an icy welcome upon entering the house.) ` Ôombine the sentences Hurry up. If you donƞt, youƞll miss the train. (Hurry up or youƞll miss the train.) ÿ
Necessary elements for a good summary
` Proper citation title, author, source; date of publication and the text (journal articles) ` Thesis statement the topic or general subject matter of the text; the authorƞs major assertion, comment, or position on the topic ` |upporting ideas ºefer to only major supporting ideas. Mention the authorƞs purpose in writing but donƞt add personal opinions, ideas, and inferences ` Grammar and the structure of writing avoid direct quotation; use transitional words ` Length 0 to 0 of the original |
ºead the article To understand the article and find the general theme. ºeread the article Divide into sections and label each section. Understand the important parts. Write one-sentence summaries |ummarize each section of thought. åormulate the thesis statement Weave the one-sentence section-summaries together. Write the first draft In the first sentence or two: The authorƞs name The articleƞs or chapterƞs name The authorƞs thesis statement Then the summary sentences for each paragraph or section. xpress in your own words, to avoid plagiarism. Use occasional supporting ideas if necessary. Note: ƥ liminate unnecessary words and repetitions. ƥ liminate personal ideas and inferences. ƥ Use transitions for a smooth and logical flow of ideas. ƥ Ôonclude with a Ɲsumming upƞ sentence. dit the draft ƥ Is all the important information in the summary? ƥ Am I listing things out? ƥ Am I saying the same thing over and over again? ƥ Have I left out my personal views and ideas? ƥ Does my summary Ɲhang togetherƞ? ƥ Is my grammar, punctuation, and spelling correct? Write the final draft G Xriginal text
` ƝAt a typical football match we are likely to see players committing
deliberate fouls, often behind the refereeƞs back. They might try to take a throw-in or a free kick from an incorrect but more advantageous positions in defiance of the clearly stated rules of the game. They sometimes challenge the rulings of the referee or linesmen in an offensive way which often deserves exemplary punishment or even sending off. No wonder spectators fight amongst themselves, damage stadiums, or take the law into their own hands by invading the pitch in the hope of affecting the outcome of the match.ƞ [0 words] |ummary
` Unsportsmanklike behaviour by footballers may cause
hooliganism among spectators. [9 words] º ` pull out main ideas ` focus on key details ` use key words and phrases ` break down the larger ideas ` write only enough to convey the gist ` take succinct but complete notes
AsiaTEFL Book Series-ELT Curriculum Innovation and Implementation in Asia-Teachers Beliefs About Curricular Innovation in Vietnam A Preliminary Study-Le Van Canh