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5.2 Evaluating a third-order determinant
Evaluating a 3rd order determinant by Laplace
expansion
a11 a12 a13
Given A a21 a22 a23 find A
a31 a32 a33
Expanding down column 1
a 22 a 23 a12 a13 a12 a13
A a11 a21 a31
a32 a33 a32 a33 a 22 a 23
A a11 C11 a21 C 21 a31 C31
3
A i 1
ai1 Ci1 where Cij 1 i j M ij
3
a 22 a 23 a12 a13 a12 a13
3)
i 1
d i Ci1 d1
a32 a33
d2
a32 a33
d3
a 22 a 23
A1
d1 a12 a13
4) A1 d 2 a 22 a 23 . Find A1 such that x1* A1 A
d 3 a32 a33
d i Ci1
A1
x
*
1
i 1
n
A
ai1 Ci1
i 1
n
d i Ci 2
A2
x
*
2
i 1
n
A
ai 2 Ci 2
i 1
n
d i Cin
An
x
*
n
i 1
n
A
ain Cin
i 1
1 n n d i Ci1
x1*
A
d i Ci1 A ai1 Ci1 for the 1st col. exp. x1* i 1
n
i 1 i 1
a
i 1
i1 Ci1
n
1 n n d i Ci 2
x2*
A
d i Ci 2 A ai 2 Ci 2 for the 2 nd col. exp. x2* i 1
n
i 1 i 1
a
i 1
i2 Ci 2
n
1 n n d i Cin
xn*
A
d i Cin A ain Cin for the n th col. exp. xn* i 1
n
i 1 i 1
a
i 1
in Cin
Ch. 5b Linear Models and Matrix Algebra
5.5 - 5.8 9
5.5 Deriving Cramer’s Rule (nxn)
n
i 1
d i Ci1
x *
n A1 A
*1
x
2
i 1
d i Ci 2
A2 A
x* 1 n A A
3
3
A d i Ci 3
* i 1 A A
x n n n
d i Cin
i 1
Ch. 5b Linear Models and Matrix Algebra
5.5 - 5.8 10
5.6 Applications to Market and National-income Models:
Matrix Inversions
g 0 1 G 0
The determinant
1 1 1
A b 1 0 1 b g
g 0 1
Ch. 5b Linear Models and Matrix Algebra
5.5 - 5.8 14
5.6 Application to Market & National
Income Models: Cramer’s rule (3.5-2, p.
47)
Finding the solution of x *j by replacing the jth column of the determinan t
with the column vec tor of constants
I0 1 1
AY I 0 a bT0
AY a bT0 1 0 I 0 a bT0 Y*
A 1 (b g )
0 0 1
1 I0 1
AC bI 0 1 g a bT0
AC b a bT0 0 bI 0 1 g a bT0 C*
A 1 (b g )
g 0 1
1 1 I0
g a bT0 I 0
AG
AG b 1 a bT0 g a bT0 I 0 G *
A 1 (b g )
g 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
A b 1 0 A b 1 0 1 b g
g 0 1 g 0 1
1 b g 1 1 1
C 1 1 g g C T b 1 g b
1 b 1 b g g 1 b
1 b g
bI 0 1 g a bT0
C
*
1 b g
g I 0 a bT0
G
*
1 b g
Ch. 5b Linear Models and Matrix Algebra
5.5 - 5.8 17
5.7 Leontief Input-Output Models
Miller and Blair 2-3, Table 2-3,
p 15 Economic Flows ($ millions)
The model
x1 a11 x1 a12 x2 a1n xn d1
x2 a21 x1 a22 x2 a2 n x n d 2
xn an1 x1 an 2 x2 ann xn d n
x i a i1 x1 a i2 x2 d
sector 1 1000 0.15 *1000 0.25 * 2000 350
sector 2 2000 0.20 *1000 0.05 * 2000 1700
Matrix form
1 a11 a12 a1n x1 d1
a
21 1 a22 a2 n x2 d 2
an1 an 2 1 ann xn d n
AA-1 I A1 A 1 A 0 A0 I
Taylor series approximation (Chiang & Wainwrigh t, p. 250, 9.5 - 2(a))
1 x 1
n 0
x n 1 x x 2 ... x n 1 if x 1 scalar algebra
I A 1 A n I A A 2 ... A n 1 by analogy
n 0
2
1 0 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.25 1.2541 0.3300
...
0 1 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.2640 1.1221