THEORIES OF SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT

Presented by

MAHALAKSHMI
MIDHUN
MINU DAVIS
MINU.N.T
MUHAMMED
DIVYA MOHANDAS
NEETHU. K.C
NEETHU.T.REGI
NILOFAR
NIMISHA
NITHIN
INTRODUCTION

MIDHUN . P.G
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Getting things done through efforts of
other people.
F. W. Taylor- Father of Scientific
Management.
FEATURES & OBJECTIVES OF
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Divya Mohandas
 FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

1. Involves combination of varied elements.

2. Concerned with a group or joint effort within an
organization directed towards a common
objective.
3. The group efforts should be made through
certain type of organization & procedures.
4. The procedures and organization which form
part of it must not be either on casual
 Contd…

1. The organization and procedure must be based

on laws & principles evolved after a careful
investigation & analysis of the work situation.

2. The system must be a dynamic one.

 OBJECTIVES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

1. Increase in the rate of production by the use of

standardized tools, equipments & methods.

2. Improvement in the quality of the product by

research, quality control & effective inspection.

3. Reduction in the cost of production by systematic

planning & regulation & cost control techniques.
 Contd…

1. Eradication of wastages in the use of resources ,

time & method.

2. Placement of the right person on the right job

through scientific selection & training.

3. Establishing a sound system of wage payment so

as to attain maximum efficiency.

4. Ensuring a steady flow of quality to the

consumers at reasonable prices.
Fredrick Taylor’s Theory

MINU DAVIS
Dr.Fredrick
Winslow Taylor is
regarded as the
‘Father of
Scientific
Management’
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Scientific approach for solving the

problems of business operations &
advancing the development of managerial
techniques
 TAYLOR’S THEORY
Art of knowing exactly what to be done & the
best way of doing it.

It rejects the traditional system of management &

applies ‘science’ to management

Scientific management is also called Taylor’s

System of Management
Causes for loss of time

Lazy workers

Methods used for performing the task were

crude & unscientific
He believed that the adoption of Scientific
methods is the only way to remove all sorts
of wastages & resultant inefficiency

 Scientific methods based on some defined

laws, rules & principles

It have universal applications also

HENRi FAYOL THEORY

MUHAMMED.T.A
 Henri fayol
Fayol,a french engineer born
in the year 1841
In 1916 he published his
experience in the book
"Administration Industrielle
et Générale",
He developed certain princi-
ples which couid be used
in all management situations
Fayol ‘s contribution to management can
be disscussed under the folllowing heads
Division of industrial activities
Qualities of an effective manager
Functions of management
Principles of management
A.Division of industrial activities
He divided the industrial activities into 6
groups
1.Technical
 production

2.Commercial
 buying and selling

3.Financial
 connected with the optimum use of
capital
4.Security
Protection of assets and persons
5.Managerial
 Functions of
planning,organising,staffing,directing,co-
ordinating,controlling etc
6.Accounting
 preparation of various
statements,accounts return etc
Henri Foyal Theory
Contd….

Nilofar
B.Qualities of effective manager
According to henri fayol,Effective
managers Should have

1.physical-health,mental ability to
Learn,judge etc.

2.moral-willingness to accept responsibility,

loyalty,educational,technical.
3.general education-knowledge with matters
not related exclusively to the function
performed

4.Special knowledge-knowledge that is peculiar

to the function being performed.

5.experiences-knowledge from work proper

C.Functions of management
Fayol classified the elements of
managements
into 5
All elements were considered by fayol as
functions of managements
Functions of management are
Planning-decision in advance what to do

Organising-providing everything that are

useful to a business concern for its operation
 Co-ordinating-the channelisation of group
efforts in the direction of achieving the desired
objective of the enterprise

Controlling-seeing that everything is being

carried out in accordance with the plan which
has been adopted.
Commanding-maintaining activity among
personnel.
Henry Foyal Theory
Contd….

MAHALAKSHMY.A
D. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Henri fayol evolved 14 principles.

Used in all management situations

irrespective of the type of organization.

These principles are not only

influenced but also dominated
management thought.
 1.DIVISION OF WORK
 Means specialization.
Each work should be divided into small
elements and each element should be
assigned to the specialist of the element.
It promotes efficiency.
Fayol wanted division of work not only at
factory but at management levels also.
 2. AUTHORITY AND
RESPONSIBILITY
Authority refers to the right of superiors to
get exactness from their sub-ordinates.
Responsibility means obligation for the
performance of the job assigned.
Authority and responsibility should go
together.
 Fayol stressed that right and power to give
orders should be balanced with the
responsibility for performing necessary
functions.
 3.DISCIPLINE
Discipline means sincerity, obedience,
respect of authority & observance of rules
and regulations of the enterprise.

Subordinate should respect their superiors

and obey their order.

Fayol declared that discipline requires

good superior at all levels.
 PRINCIPLES OF
MANAGEMENT contd..

Nimisha
4.Unity of command
A subordinate should receive orders from only
boss.
If the unity of command is violated,authority
is undetemined,discipline in danger,order
disurbed and stability threatened.
5.Unity of direction
Each group activities having the
same objective must have one head
and one plan
It will create dedication to the
purpose and loyality.
6.Subordination of individual interest to
general interest
The interest of the business
enterprise ought to come before the
interest of individual worker
7.Remuneration
It should be fair and adequate
It should afford maximum
satisfaction
8.Centralisation

There should be one cenral point in the

organisation which exercises overall
direction
&control of all the parts.
Degree of centralisation of authority
should
vary according to the needs of situation
 PRINCIPLES OF
MANAGEMENT contd..

Nithin Menon
SCALAR CHAIN
ORDER
EQUITY
STABILITY
INITIATIVE
ESPRIT DE CORPS
 9.SCALAR CHAIN

Chain of superiors from highest to lowest

ranks.

Command would be determental to

interest of enterprise.
 10.ORDER
Orderly and rationally thought out plan.

“A plan for everyone and everyone in his

place “
 11.EQUITY
Exercise kindness and justice to

subordinates.

Creating loyalty and devotion among

employees.
 12.STABILITY
Long texture of personnel in
organisation.

Stable work force provides efficiency.

 13.INITIATIVE
Ability to think-motivate of human
behaviour.

 Plans should be well formulated.

 ESPRIT DE CORPS
Whole organisation should work as a
team.

Union is strength.

Importance of good communication.

Frank Gilbreth Theory

Neethu.T.Regi
Frank Gilbreth-

Consultant known
as the ‘Father of
Motion studies’.
Lillian Gilbreth-

Consultant known as
the
‘1st lady of
management’
Frank Gilbreth Theory
 Analysis of the basic hand, arm, and body
movements of workers as they perform work

Frank Gilbreth – first to analyze and classify the basic

motion elements

“Therblig”s – 17 basic motion elements

Spelled backward except for “th”
 Therblig – The basic unit of movements.

 Human motion & Movement – result of

various combination of therbligs.

 Reduce the No of therblig- Efficiency of

work will increase
“Analyzing an activity into its smallest
possible elements, and from the results
synthesizing a method of performing the
activity that shall be more efficient.”
--Frank Gilbreth
Main Goals
Increase efficiency by removing
unnecessary movements
Reduce fatigue for employees
Therbligs: The Keys to Simplifying Work
Criticisms of Gilbreths’ Work
Skillis required for some therblig
movements
Therbligs do not fully explain the
movement
Not necessarily good to standardize
everything
Consider human element in work
Motion study can be frustrating
Comparison..

Vs
Minu.N.T
TAYLOR VS FOYAL
Foyal :blending of humanism and social
awareness with efficiency
Taylor: concentrated on raising efficiency
in shop floor level

Foyal : Thoughts are relevant mainly to

top level management
Taylor:Relevent to supervisory level of
management
Foyal: concentrated on improving
management of organization
Taylor: management of jobs

Foyal: Application of theory is wider in

its scope
Taylor: not wider
Foyal: focused on improving overall
administration
Taylor: focused on improving
productivity through work
simplification ,time & motion studies

Foyal: systematic theory of management

Taylor: basis for accomplishments on the
line of production
SIMILARITIES
No contradictions between work of both

Applied scientific methods to the

management problems

Essentially complementary works

Conclusion

Neethu.K.C
Conclusion
Scientific Management
- Management of people which is
done Scientifically
- Should be dynamic & combination
of varied elements
- Joint effort
- Has many objectives
3 important theories
- Federic Taylors - Supervisry level
Managemnt
- Henri Fayol - Top level
Management
- Frank hilberth
14 principles
Doubts??..