INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING

HYDERABAD

PRESENTATION ON:-

remote SENSING Sensors

By:- Saurabh singh
m.tech .– 1st year
 Remote SeNsing
 “Science” and “art” of acquiring information (spectral, spatial, temporal)
about material objects, area, or phenomenon.
Without coming into physical contact with the object.

 “In remote sensing”, information transfer is accomplished by use of

electromagnetic radiation (EMR).

 A satellite with remote sensors to observe the earth is called RS satellite,

or EO satellite.
Remote-Sensing Altitude,

Satellites are Orbit and

characterized by Sensor.

their
 Remote Sensing Sensor
Technology
 What is a sensor ?

What sensors consist of ?

 How they perform or work (operate) ?

 Types sensors(in detail) ?

…. continued
What is a sensor?
Sensor is device
Gathers energy

Convert into another suitable form of

signal

Information about object is

obtained
 …. continued
What sensors consist of ?
 Each sensor have-Optical system, Detector and Signal
processor.
 For Optical-mechanical sensor -
Physically moving mirrors or lenses
Analog signal Digital signal

 For Charge – coupled sensor -

Light sensitive material embedded in a Si chip.
Manufactured to be very as small as 1µm.
Sensitive to visible and near IR radiation.
Sensor consist of linear array of CCD also 2D arrays (1000
separate sensors).
…. continued
How sensors perform or work (operate) ?

sun

Light energy Informatio

n is read
Limited time
Exposure of
CCD

Charge –
coupled sensor
SENSOR
…. continued
Types sensors(in detail) ?
1) Depending upon the source of energy

continued…..
 …. Continued
Types sensors(in detail) ?
1) Depending upon the source of energy
Active Sensor Passive Sensor
 Own source of energy.  Not have own source of energy.
 Not depend external source of  Depend on external energy.
energy.  Seasonal.
 Work day and night.  Work in day only.
 Un-seasonal.  Best time 10:30 AM – 2:30PM.
Eg. Radar, Altimeter,Laser Eg. Radiometre,Thermal Scanner,
scanner(Lidar) Image spectrometer,Aerial
Photogrametry.
…. continued
Types sensors(in detail) ?
2) Depending upon the optical setup for imaging
sensor

Sensor
Types

Image Object
Plane Plane
…. Continued
Types sensors(in detail) ?
3) Depending upon the scanning system.
Whiskbroom
Scanner
Sensor Types
Pushbroom
Scanner
…. Continued
Types sensors(in detail) ?
3) Depending upon the scanning system.
a)Whiskbroom or Cross-track Scanner(Single Detector)
The essential components are
1) a light gathering telescope.
2) appropriate optics (e.g., lens).
3) a mirror.
4) spectroscope to break the
incoming radiation into spectral
intervals.
5) a means to direct the light so
dispersed onto an array or bank of
detectors.
6) an electronic means to sample the
photo-electric effect.
7) a recording component.
…. Continued
Types sensors(in detail) ?
3) Depending upon the scanning system.
b)Pushbroom or Along-track Scanner(Array of Detector)
The IFOV of each detector sweeps a path
parallel with the flight direction
The essential components are
1)small sensitive detectors stacked side
by side appropriate optics (e.g., lens)
2) no mirror.
3) detector is a charge-coupled device .
4) pixels that will eventually make up the
image .
5) an electronic means to sample the
photo-electric effect.
6) a recording component.

Eg. Landsat Multispectral Scanner.

…. Continued
 Some Examples of Sensors
RESOURCESAT-2: It will have imaging sensors similar to RESOURCESAT-
1.

RESEOURCESAT-3: it carry more advanced LISS-III-WS (Wide Swath) Sensor.

OCEANSAT-3: Oceasat-3 would carry Thermal IR Sensor, 12 channel Ocean

Color Monitor,
and Passive Microwave Radiometer.
MXC

•Fundamental
building block of
S.M.
•The Starcore
DSP at centre
performs
all signal
protocols.
•Initial
architecture
used ARM1136
core processor,
 Seamless Mobility
Technology
Various technologies work together to form a seamless network

• The Wireless Networks.

• System Security
Mechanisms.

• Connectivity Modules.
Wireless Network
Technologies
1. Wireless Wide Area Networks
 Eg. are Cellular & emerging
broadband WANs like WiMax (802.16),
PSTN, internet.
 WiMax provides network coverage
upto a distance of 30 miles at 70
2.Wireless
mbps. LANs

 Eg. is IEEE 802.11.

 These enable QoS for laptops, higher data
throughput & inter-access point handoffs.
3. Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
• Don’t require any pre-existing infrastructure
• Network is created at the consent of 2
terminals to communicate.
• Networks formed are Piconet & Mesh Network.

SYSTEM SECURITY MECHANISMS

• The Privacy Mechanism.

• Cryptography.
• Authentication.
 Heterogeneous Networks
Satellite
Regional Area
Low-tier

High-tier

Local Area

Wide Area
High Mobility Low Mobility
CONNECTIVITY MODULES

• Global Positioning System.

• Streaming Services.

• Direct Video Broadcast for

handhelds (DVB-H).
 Seamless Mobility
Defining the Future…

living

At Home In the Auto

moving

driving
Out in the World At Work

working
 CONCLUSION
• Creates ability to gain wireless
access and from e-appliances
sensors, alarms .
• Connected anywhere anytime,and
with any thing .
• Continuously connected to relevant
content .
QUESTIONS ?