SEMINAR TOPIC

ON
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
PRESENTED BY:
RAJAN KUMAR
8th SEM(ENTC-A)
REGD. NO:0501212311

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 OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS VOIP?
HISTORY
PSTN Vs. VOIP
MODES OF OPERATION OF VOIP
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VOIP
HOW VOIP WORKS?
ADVANTAGES
LIMITATIONS
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION
 The traditional method used for transmitting
voice is PSTN.

 Now more and more communication is done in

digital format and transported via data networks
such as internet.

 As data traffic is much faster than telephone

traffic, so we prefer to send voice over data
networks.
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 WHAT IS VOIP?
 Voice Over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a
protocol used for the transmission of voice
and fax phone calls through the Internet
or other packet-switched networks.

It is also called IP telephony, Internet

telephony, voice over broadband,
broadband telephony.
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 HISTORY OF VOIP

• The commercial Voip software was

introduced in 1995 by Vocaltec.
Designed for home PC
Uses H.323 Protocol

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PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE
NETWORK
• POTS (Analog Telephony)
It stands for Plain Old Telephone Service.
 Dedicated link between partners

 Reserved bandwidth

• ISDN (Digital Telephony)

It stands for Integrated Services Digital Network.
 On each link a channel is reserved

 Reserved bandwidth between partners

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Analog Telephony Digital Telephony

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 PSTN vs. INTERNET
PSTN INTERNET
• Voice networks use circuit • Data network use packet
switching. switching.
• Dedicated path between • No dedicated path between
calling and Called party. sender and receiver.
• Bandwidth is reserved in • It acquires and releases
advance. bandwidth, as it is needed.
• Cost is based on distance • Cost is not dependent on
and time. time and distance.

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CIRCUIT SWITCHING PACKET SWITCHING

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 MODES OF OPERATION
PC to PC
PC to Phone
Phone to Phone

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Audio Codecs
Data Transport (RTP, RTCP)
 Addressing
 Signaling (SIP, H.323)
 

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Here analog signal is converted into digital data.
Three popular audio codecs :-
G.711
G.723.1
G.729
Implemented using voice coders:
Since voice contains lot of data, it is
compressed by Vocoders without compromising the
reliability and quality of voice signal.
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• Translation of analog signal to digital signal

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 RTP
• It stands for Realtime Transport Protocol.
• Application layer protocol for
transmitting real time data (audio, video,
...)
• Includes payload type identification,
sequence numbering, time stamping,
delivery monitoring.
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 RTCP
• It stands for Realtime Transport
Control Protocol.
• Main functions:
–support for multi-point communication
–Periodic transmission of control
packets to all participants in the
session.
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• Here phone no. is converted to an IP
address.

• Simple format addresing:

<user | phone number>@<domain | hostname | IP
address>

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• Signaling in VOIP is needed for :
Locating partners.
Agreeing on port numbers for RTP /
RTCP sessions.
agreeing on coding / decoding
procedures.

• Types of Signaling Protocols:

 H.323
 SIP
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 H.323
• Recommendation published by ITU in
1996.

• It is designed to act above transport layer

and is mainly used for transmission of
voice, data and video conferencing over
packet networks.

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 SIP
• SIP stands for Session Initiation Protocol.
• Developed by IETF since 1999.

• It is an text-based application-layer control

protocol for creating, modifying and
terminating sessions with one or more
participants.

• Sessions include Internet Multimedia

conferences or Internet Telephone calls.
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 How VoIP Works?

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 ADVANTAGES:
• Cheaper call rates
• Simplification
• High efficiency
• Calling person need not necessary to
receive call.
• Better Voice Quality Using Wideband Codecs
• Adding new features and applications over time
is easy.
• Integration of voice, data, fax, video is possible.
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 LIMITATIONS
 Packet Delay
Packet Loss (no guarantee of delivering packets)
Jitter (variable delay)

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 APPLICATONS
• Real time applications:
Telephony ( two-way)
 Radio-TV Broadcast (one-way)
• Non-real time applications:
 e_mail
OTHERS:
• Integration of data,voice and fax
• Video telephony
• Enhanced teleconferencing
• Used in Amateur Radio
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 COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS
1: VONAGE
• founded in January 2001
• about 130,000 customers

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2: AT&T
AT&T is rapidly evolving from a
company that handles mostly
long-distance voice calls to a
company that provides data and
voice communications over any
distance.

3: INODE
4:TELEKOM AUSTRIA

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 CONCLUSION
● Like everything else, as the technology changes so at first
only a few companies like Cisco and Lucent offered VoIP
services, but the large telecommunications carriers – such
as AT&T and Sprint -- are catching on .

● VoIP is predominately used for personal instead of

enterprise-wide use.

The availability of high-quality audio using

wideband codecs, video conferencing, and
document sharing enables more effective and
pleasant communication.
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REFERENCES:
• ELECTRONICS FOR YOU(VOLUME-37)
• Voip Fundamentals By Jonathan Davidson
• www.bestneo.com
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.howstuffworks.com
• www.cisco.com
• www.seminartopics.com
• www.quintum.com
• www.tech-faq.com

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