Rural Household Electrification in West Bengal –

2010

Applied Management Research Project

By: Rohit Khandelwal (09BM8042)
Master of Business Administration 2009-2011
Under the guidance of
Prof. A.Tripathy
 Deliverables
• A Detailed Report
• Renewable Sources –Thermal Future Scope &
Work
• Primary Market Research on ongoing RGGVY & future projects in West Bengal
• Propose a Service Model in line of Gujarat’s Model
• The Key points RGGVY
• Key Issues, Improvements and Drawbacks
Renewable
• Future Energy generation and Saving Concepts and Programs sources of
Electrification
• The Renewable sources like Solar, Wind, Bio Mass, Water/Hydel
• Current statistics on Rural Electrification in India and in West Bengal The Issue at hand
• Understanding current projects on rural electrification in West Bengal
Project TimeLine
 The Issue of Rural Electrification

The reasons behind low Electrification in rural India

• Geographical adversity

• Low population density

• Low purchasing power

• Low consumption

• Payment default 

• Political Influence

• Social Acceptability to renewable and sustainable Technologies

 A Snapshot of the current situation of Rural Electrification in India

Status As On : 15/10/2010
Reports : State-wise
Reports : Report C-Physical & Financial Progress of RGGVY Projects Under Implementation (State-wise)
Project Cost Total Amount
S State/UT Name (Total Electrification of Un-/De- Intensive Electrification of No. of Connections to Rural No. of Connections to BPL
No. of DPRs Sanctioned Released (in
No. No. of Districts Electrified villages Electrified villages Households including BPL Households
(in Rs.Cr.) Rs.Cr.)
Coverage Achievement in Coverage Achievement in Coverage Achievement in Coverage Achievement in
in No. No.(%) in No. No.(%) in No. No.(%) in No. No.(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 ANDHRA PRADESH 26 840.10(23) 656.62 (78.2 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 27481 21194 (77.1 % ) 3954128 3005171 (76.0 % ) 2592140 2514103 (97.0 % )
2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 16 537.69(16) 504.68 (93.9 % ) 2129 395 (18.6 % ) 1756 344 (19.6 % ) 76407 8225 (10.8 % ) 40810 5066 (12.4 % )
3 ASSAM 23 (23)
1660.01 1475.41 (88.9 % ) 8525 3426 (40.2 % ) 13330 5278 (39.6 % ) 1414828 427151 (30.2 % ) 991656 427151 (43.1 % )
4 BIHAR 43 (38)2975.90 3239.83 (108.9 % ) 23211 19808 (85.3 % ) 6651 1617 (24.3 % ) 6022036 1421078 (23.6 % ) 2762455 1421078 (51.4 % )
5 CHHATTISGARH 14 1105.22
(16) 561.27 (50.8 % ) 1132 100 (8.8 % ) 16333 7097 (43.5 % ) 1285545 411060 (32.0 % ) 777165 340215 (43.8 % )
6 GUJARAT 25 (25)
360.44 181.65 (50.4 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 17934 5846 (32.6 % ) 1595853 578774 (36.3 % ) 955150 578774 (60.6 % )
7 HARYANA 18 (20)
197.40 135.51 (68.6 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 5985 2139 (35.7 % ) 569686 170138 (29.9 % ) 224073 170138 (75.9 % )
8 HIMACHAL PRADESH 12 205.26 (12) 220.00 (107.2 % ) 93 11 (11.8 % ) 10666 1059 (9.9 % ) 36479 2231 (6.1 % ) 12448 680 (5.5 % )
9 JAMMU & KASHMIR 14 635.94
(14) 627.09 (98.6 % ) 283 100 (35.3 % ) 6050 1540 (25.5 % ) 295221 25791 (8.7 % ) 136730 25791 (18.9 % )
10 JHARKHAND 22 2662.61
(22) 2706.58 (101.7 % ) 19737 14582 (73.9 % ) 7622 4411 (57.9 % ) 2926260 931735 (31.8 % ) 1691797 931735 (55.1 % )
11 KARNATAKA 25 595.32
(27) 635.81 (106.8 % ) 132 59 (44.7 % ) 28191 22835 (81.0 % ) 1932797 872528 (45.1 % ) 891939 758033 (85.0 % )
12 KERALA 7 (14)134.33 31.55 (23.5 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 630 37 (5.9 % ) 92736 17238 (18.6 % ) 56351 17238 (30.6 % )
13 MADHYA PRADESH 32 1533.34 (48) 931.78 (60.8 % ) 806 172 (21.3 % ) 34094 8151 (23.9 % ) 2653536 334604 (12.6 % ) 1376242 233051 (16.9 % )
14 MAHARASHTRA 34 713.44
(36) 481.35 (67.5 % ) 6 0 (0.0 % ) 40292 14693 (36.5 % ) 2633742 895090 (34.0 % ) 1876391 882107 (47.0 % )
15 MANIPUR 9 (9)357.80 215.97 (60.4 % ) 882 149 (16.9 % ) 1378 181 (13.1 % ) 192148 7659 (4.0 % ) 107369 6960 (6.5 % )
16 MEGHALAYA 7 290.42
(7) 164.04 (56.5 % ) 1943 146 (7.5 % ) 3536 893 (25.3 % ) 188648 24070 (12.8 % ) 116447 24070 (20.7 % )
17 MIZORAM 8 (8)104.25 238.24 (228.5 % ) 137 23 (16.8 % ) 570 85 (14.9 % ) 44334 5196 (11.7 % ) 27417 5196 (19.0 % )
18 NAGALAND 11 (11)
111.17 123.74 (111.3 % ) 105 43 (41.0 % ) 1152 194 (16.8 % ) 142992 14310 (10.0 % ) 69900 9160 (13.1 % )
19 ORISSA 31 (30)3575.12 2515.30 (70.4 % ) 17895 9378 (52.4 % ) 29222 10491 (35.9 % ) 4858292 1334397 (27.5 % ) 3185863 1334397 (41.9 % )
20 PUNJAB 17 (17)154.37 59.90 (38.8 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 11840 0 (0.0 % ) 405023 33926 (8.4 % ) 148860 33926 (22.8 % )
21 RAJASTHAN 40 1254.49
(32) 791.89 (63.1 % ) 4454 3287 (73.8 % ) 34841 22593 (64.8 % ) 2229442 1341089 (60.2 % ) 1750118 818676 (46.8 % )
22 SIKKIM 4 (4) 57.11 88.65 (155.2 % ) 25 14 (56.0 % ) 418 150 (35.9 % ) 28166 4937 (17.5 % ) 11458 4708 (41.1 % )
23 TAMIL NADU 26 (30)
447.41 275.92 (61.7 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 12416 4071 (32.8 % ) 1692235 497503 (29.4 % ) 545511 497503 (91.2 % )
24 TRIPURA 4 (4)131.65 77.67 (59.0 % ) 160 56 (35.0 % ) 642 164 (25.5 % ) 228759 45533 (19.9 % ) 194730 45533 (23.4 % )
25 UTTAR PRADESH 64 2719.51
(70) 3213.09 (118.1 % ) 30802 27752 (90.1 % ) 3287 2747 (83.6 % ) 1694075 869999 (51.4 % ) 1120648 869999 (77.6 % )
26 UTTARAKHAND 13 643.89
(13) 664.50 (103.2 % ) 1469 1497 (101.9 % ) 14105 8403 (59.6 % ) 357309 221953 (62.1 % ) 281615 221953 (78.8 % )
27 WEST BENGAL 28 2345.28
(18) 1741.29 (74.2 % ) 4573 4145 (90.6 % ) 24775 5530 (22.3 % ) 3974005 825155 (20.8 % ) 2699734 801533 (29.7 % )

TOTAL OF ALL STATES(587) 573 26349.46 22559.32 (85.6 % ) 118499 85143 (71.9 % ) 355197 151743 (42.7 % ) 41524682 14326541 (34.5 % ) 24645017 12978774 (52.7 % )
BPL House Hold Electrification status
 Project at a glance in West Bengal
• To provide 3,080,108 BPL household free of cost
The Plan electricity by June 2011

• Barring 4, out of 19 districts, not more than 20% of the job

The Execution undertaken has been completed till July 31, 2010

• Districts of Howrah (0.9 per cent), Cooch Behar (4.7 per

The Laggards cent) and South 24 Parganas (5.2 per cent)

The one’s doing • Paschim Medinipur (including areas affected by Maoist

activities), Purbo Medinipur, Purulia and Murshidabad,
well undertaken by DVC

• Channel for loans and all forms of government subsidy

Role of REC • Nodal Agency in charge of supervision from concept to
completion
 District Wise Reach in West Bengal
Reports : Report D-Physical & Financial Progress of RGGVY Projects Under Implementation (District-wise)
State : WEST BENGAL Status As On : 15/10/2010
Sanctioned Awarded Amount
S Name of the DPR Date of Project Cost Cost/Revis Released Electrification of Un-/De- Intensive Electrification of No. of Connections to Rural No. of Connections to BPL
No. District Code Sanction (in Rs. ed cost(in (in Rs. Electrified villages Electrified villages Households including BPL Households
Lakhs) Rs. Lakhs) Lakhs)
Coverage Achievement in Coverage Achievement in Coverage Achievement in Coverage Achievement in
in No. No.(%) in No. No.(%) in No. No.(%) in No. No.(%)
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 BANKURA 1920 29-12-2004 3403.66 3701.57 3429.53 451 368 (81.6 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 12114 8372 (69.1 % ) 12114 8372 (69.1 % )
2 BARDDHAM 1915 28-03-2008 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 (0.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % )
1929 04-04-2008 18218.52 20650.36 10201.34 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2437 597 (24.5 % ) 333993 61163 (18.3 % ) 257702 61123 (23.7 % )
BARDDHAM 18218.52 20650.36 10201.34 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2437 597 (24.5 % ) 333993 61163 (18.3 % ) 257702 61123 (23.7 % )
3 BIRBHUM 1914 04-04-2008 15170.27 114.81 8563.82 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2088 222 (10.6 % ) 242692 19078 (7.9 % ) 212528 19078 (9.0 % )
1915 28-03-2008 99.65 117.15 105.43 13 13 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 489 353 (72.2 % ) 156 284 (182.1 % )
BIRBHUM 15269.92 231.96 8669.25 13 13 (100.0 % ) 2088 222 (10.6 % ) 243181 19431 (8.0 % ) 212684 19362 (9.1 % )
4 DAKSHIN 1908 31-01-2005 1545.17 1906.32 1714.23 185 185 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 7361 5870 (79.7 % ) 2208 4113 (186.3 % )
1909 28-03-2008 8843.68 10505.97 5241.51 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1279 365 (28.5 % ) 167661 16168 (9.6 % ) 106569 16168 (15.2 % )
DAKSHIN
DINAJPUR 10388.85 12412.29 6955.74 185 185 (100.0 % ) 1279 365 (28.5 % ) 175022 22038 (12.6 % ) 108777 20281 (18.6 % )
5 DARJILING 1903 1878.10 2185.13 1097.12 0 0 (0.0 % ) 285 82 (28.8 % ) 26043 4252 (16.3 % ) 18718 4252 (22.7 % )
1901 18-03-2005 29.81 30.93 26.05 3 3 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 115 187 (162.6 % ) 15 45 (300.0 % )
DARJILING 1907.91 2216.06 1123.17 3 3 (100.0 % ) 285 82 (28.8 % ) 26158 4439 (17.0 % ) 18733 4297 (22.9 % )
6 HAORA 1926 04-04-2008 5605.92 6765.55 2203.10 0 0 (0.0 % ) 776 29 (3.7 % ) 81981 2394 (2.9 % ) 66962 2394 (3.6 % )
7 HUGLI 1919 04-04-2008 7694.07 8751.24 4472.10 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1416 125 (8.8 % ) 114231 6083 (5.3 % ) 30103 6083 (20.2 % )
8 KOCH BIHAR 1905 04-04-2008 10851.57 12635.12 6144.55 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1110 43 (3.9 % ) 282687 11436 (4.0 % ) 204713 11436 (5.6 % )
9 MALDAH 1910 31-01-2005 79.02 94.54 85.08 11 11 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 223 507 (227.4 % ) 66 339 (513.6 % )
1911 04-04-2008 10638.66 12593.50 6284.39 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1552 165 (10.6 % ) 386829 30420 (7.9 % ) 126087 30420 (24.1 % )
MALDAH 10717.68 12688.04 6369.47 11 11 (100.0 % ) 1552 165 (10.6 % ) 387052 30927 (8.0 % ) 126153 30759 (24.4 % )
10 MEDINIPUR 1930 21-02-2005 7771.43 7771.44 6994.19 807 784 (97.1 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 34069 26396 (77.5 % ) 22696 8897 (39.2 % )
1924 18-03-2005 16555.73 23733.03 20516.26 1876 1620 (86.4 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 65044 43898 (67.5 % ) 44629 43898 (98.4 % )
1925 04-04-2008 1839.48 2331.60 2098.44 0 0 (0.0 % ) 332 236 (71.1 % ) 34591 12101 (35.0 % ) 12055 12101 (100.4 % )
1932 21-02-2005 2029.92 2888.28 2598.94 225 225 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 6452 5170 (80.1 % ) 4952 5170 (104.4 % )
1934 28-03-2008 34269.88 34269.18 26340.59 0 0 (0.0 % ) 5367 2045 (38.1 % ) 501373 131000 (26.1 % ) 278360 131000 (47.1 % )
MEDINIPUR 62466.44 70993.53 58548.42 2908 2629 (90.4 % ) 5699 2281 (40.0 % ) 641529 218565 (34.1 % ) 362692 201066 (55.4 % )
11 MURSHIDAB 1913 04-04-2008 23559.19 23559.19 19972.41 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1898 654 (34.5 % ) 481439 257984 (53.6 % ) 458220 257984 (56.3 % )
1912 31-01-2005 226.97 194.19 174.80 32 32 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 566 998 (176.3 % ) 186 654 (351.6 % )
MURSHIDAB 23786.16 23753.38 20147.21 32 32 (100.0 % ) 1898 654 (34.5 % ) 482005 258982 (53.7 % ) 458406 258638 (56.4 % )
12 NADIA 1916 28-03-2008 12245.83 13593.55 6462.12 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1222 67 (5.5 % ) 236244 20303 (8.6 % ) 236244 20303 (8.6 % )
13 NORTH 1935 31-01-2005 497.96 498.00 448.20 51 51 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 3195 3938 (123.3 % ) 944 2518 (266.7 % )
14 PURULIYA 1922 04-04-2008 17869.14 5616.15 12312.05 290 238 (82.1 % ) 1723 348 (20.2 % ) 375263 73767 (19.7 % ) 174105 73767 (42.4 % )
1923 29-12-2004 4710.76 17869.14 5110.68 467 455 (97.4 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 9088 14045 (154.5 % ) 7575 14045 (185.4 % )
PURULIYA 22579.90 23485.29 17422.73 757 693 (91.5 % ) 1723 348 (20.2 % ) 384351 87812 (22.8 % ) 181680 87812 (48.3 % )
SOUTH
15 TWENTY 1927 31-01-2005 849.20 1021.97 918.93 82 80 (97.6 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2899 2105 (72.6 % ) 883 1137 (128.8 % )
1928 28-03-2010 16345.47 18969.90 9286.27 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1948 228 (11.7 % ) 345374 27568 (8.0 % ) 279817 27568 (9.9 % )
SOUTH
TWENTY 17194.67 19991.87 10205.20 82 80 (97.6 % ) 1948 228 (11.7 % ) 348273 29673 (8.5 % ) 280700 28705 (10.2 % )
16 UTTAR 1907 04-02-2010 10930.81 10930.81 10481.11 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1342 324 (24.1 % ) 217686 36126 (16.6 % ) 139704 36126 (25.9 % )
1906 31-01-2005 767.70 940.26 846.19 80 80 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 4303 3473 (80.7 % ) 1423 2258 (158.7 % )
UTTAR 11698.51 11871.07 11327.30 80 80 (100.0 % ) 1342 324 (24.1 % ) 221989 39599 (17.8 % ) 141127 38384 (27.2 % )

Others 0.00 0 0 0 0
Total 234527.57 244238.88 174129.43 4573 4145 (90.6 % ) 24775 5530 (22.3 % ) 3974005 825155 (20.8 % ) 2699734 801533 (29.7 % )
Future Electricity Generation and Savings -
Concepts and Programs

Zero Energy Concept - Electricity Sufficiency

Green Energy Concept

Eco City

Wireless Power Transmission – way to save Electricity

(27% loss)

Off Grid Solutions

Electrification via Renewable Energy Sources

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Bio Mass Gassifiers

Tidal Energy

Micro Water/Hydro Plants

Shale gas , algae biofuel, jatropha bio fuel , geo thermal

energy, gas hydrate , power from garbage 
Electricity Generation - Renewable Energy - Solar
• On an average West Bengal receives 1600
kWh/m2 of Solar energy per year.
• Average number of Sunny days in a year: 250
days
• Number of partial Sunny days in a year: 60
days
• Total overcast days in a year: 55 days
• Highest ambient Temperature in
Summer: 400 C
• Highest ambient Temperature in winter: 270 C
• Lowest Temperature in winter: 80 C 
• Cost of Per Unit generation is Rs17.8 as fixed
by GoI recently (Tender News)
• Price settled at Rs. 12 for first 5 years for
consumers and Rs 8 for next 12 years
Status of Electrification via Solar Energy in West Bengal
• 400 villages out of the 2000 villages where conventional line
cannot be extended have already been electrified by Solar PV route

• Total Solar PV installed capacity in has exceeded 1 MW recently

• More than 15 Stand Alone type Power Plants in Sundaraban area

operating for about last 5 years

• 80,000 Micro Level entrepreneurs maintaining solar home

lightning systems

• 10,000 solar consumers being added every year

• 200 SPV Power Plants of capacity 25 kW to 100 kW for

electrification of entire Sundarban Islands, which has unique eco-
system in the whole world

• Solar Street lights in different remote areas, particularly in Jetties

and Forest areas – numbers crossed 2000
Power Generation via Wind Energy - Projects in West Bengal

• The total installation is just 1.10 MW

• Only some coastal areas of West Bengal are

suitable for wind power generation.
▫ The two most prospective wind Farm sites of West
Bengal are (1) Frazergunj and (2) Sagar Island,
which are located in southern part of West Bengal
▫ The average annual wind speed exceeds 18
km/hour

• WBREDA in association with MNES, Govt. of

India has set up its first wind farm project of
capacity 1 MW at Frazergunj area of West Bengal

• The country's first Wind Diesel Hybrid Project of

capacity about 0.5 MW has been set up at Sagar
Island of South 24 Parganas District
Water/Hydro
• Perennial streams with adequate discharges in the
hilly regions of Coochbehar and the Sub-Himalayan
region of West Bengal

• Small capacity Hydro power "Run of River“ schemes

• The total composite capacity of small hydro power

stations in the state of West Bengal has been
estimated as 150 MW

• WBREDA has taken 12 projects estimating 40 MW

• Heritage Project - Sidrapong Power Plant of capacity

600 kW is oldest hydro power plant in the country

• Renovation and Modernisation – are required and is

being undertaken
Bio Gas Energy
• A 2 m3 Biogas Plant can produce enough gas for meeting
the cooking need of a family comprising of 4 members –
Trained masons, Minimum 4 nos. of cows are required

• Estimated cost of a two Cum Biogas Plant - Rs. 9000.00

- out, of which a subsidy amounting to Rs. 2500.00 is
given by government

• Set up Cost of an Improved Chulha - Rs. 180.00 – Self

Employed Workers

• WBREDA - set up Service for Biogas Plants and

Improved Chulhas

• Creating Social Capital for Sustainability - launched a

special programme for the women entrepreneurs for
setting up of Service Centres of Renewable Energy
systems in the rural areas
Husk Bio Mass Gassifiers

• Using Rice Husk, (in turbine or gasifier route) electricity can be generated for captive use or
for grid. Government subsidy is available

Programme Components:

• Biomass Gasifier based Distributed / Off-grid power programme for Rural Areas: limited to
250 kW installed capacity, which have surplus biomass resources and unmet demand of
electricity for internal lighting, water pumping and micro enterprises including telecom
towers - a cluster approach.

• Biomass gasifier based captive power generation in Rice Mills and other industries

Biomass Gasifier based Grid Connected Power Programme:

• Biomass gasifier based MW level grid connected power plants with 100% producer gas
engines will be supported

• Besides, biomass based grid connected Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG) projects, preferably

at tail end of the grid and having a decentralized distribution component would also be
supported.

• The maximum installed capacity of each such project would be 2 MW.

Tidal Energy

• Some parts of Sundarbans in West

Bengal

• The country's first Tidal Power Plant

has been proposed to be set up in
Durgaduani Creek of Sundarbans

• The 3.6 MW project will cost Rs. 40

crores
• Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with 33/11 KV (or 66/11
KV) sub-station of adequate capacity in blocks where these do not exist.
• Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with provision of distribution
under RGGVY :
transformer of appropriate capacity in villages/habitations.
• Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) Systems based on
Infrastructure
conventional & non conventional energy sources where grid supply is not
feasible or cost-effective.
• Electrifying all villages and habitations as per new definition
• Providing access to electricity to all rural households
aims at:
• Providing electricity Connection to Below Poverty Line (BPL) The RGGVY
families free of charge
• Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) was
launched in April-05 by merging all ongoing schemes.
• Under the programme 90% grant is provided by Govt. of India
RGGVY
and 10% as loan by REC to the State Governments.
• REC is the nodal agency for the programme.
RGGVY – a Government Initiative
 RGGVY – Implementation Methodology and
conditions under RGGVY :
▫ Preparation of District based detailed project reports for execution on turnkey
basis.
▫ Involvement of central public sector undertakings of power ministry in
implementation of some projects.
▫ Certification of electrified village by the concerned Gram Panchayat.
▫ Deployment of franchisee for the management of rural distribution for better
consumer service and reduction in losses.
▫ Undertaking by States for supply of electricity with minimum daily supply of 6-
8 hours of electricity in the RGGVY network.
▫ Making provision of requisite revenue subsidy by the state.
▫ Determination of Bulk Supply Tariff (BST) for franchisee in a manner that
ensures commercial viability.
▫ Three tier quality monitoring Mechanism for XI Plan Schemes made
mandatory.
▫ Web based monitoring of progress.
▫ Release of funds linked to achievement of pre-determined milestones.
▫ Electronic transfer of funds right up to the contractor level.
▫ Notification of Rural Electrification Plans by the state governments.
• Economic
• Commercial
• Technical

Level
• Organisational
• Design
• Procurement and implementation
• Social

Site
• Financial
• Governance

Level
• Institutional,
• Regulatory and legal,
• Planning
State
• Political – Support, abandonment of earlier programs due to instability
• Financial - $3.8 bn for rural electrification – fund availability and fund use
• Legal & Regulatory risks - issues of consumer protection, prevention of misuse of monopoly

Level
power and protection of investment for the supplier
• Issue of Trade Unions
• Franchisee Selection, Scope of work, Capabilities
• Management of Program – resource planning and Implementation issues

National
Drawbacks
RGGVY – Risks, Key Issues, Improvements and
 State Level Risks Identification – West Bengal

Financial
• Subsidy funding
• Loan guarantee

Governance
• Law and order situation
• Corruption
• Political support
Institutional
• Inability to engage a franchisee
• Difficulty in bulk supply tariff setting
• Inability to ensure adequate supply
Regulatory and legal
• Tariff-related risk
• Competition with captive local supplies

Planning
• Inability to identify and formulate projects
• Non-acceptance of state identified projects by Central Government agencies
 Site Level Risks Identification – West Bengal
Economic
• Volume risk
• Rate risk
• Consumer risk

Commercial
• Payment risk
• Theft
• Collection risk

Technical
• Power availability risk
• Metering difficulties

Organisational
• Lack of skill
• HR Problems

Design
• Inaccurate sizing
• Inaccurate Estimation

Procurement and implementation

• Contracting delays and Delivery delays
• Delays in clearance & Implementation

Social
• Acceptability to off grid solutions
 Future Scope and work

State and Site Level Risk s Mitigation

Electricity Generation via Non Renewable sources – Thermal

Comparison of Renewable and Non Renewable sources in terms of Penetration,

Reach, Social and Financial feasibility

Collect Primary Data about various renewable projects from WBREDA office at
Bikalpa shakti Bhavan, J-1/10, EP & GP Block, Sector-V, Salt Lake, KOLKATA -
700 091

Collect Primary Data about current issues being faced during implementation of
RGGVY from REC office at Alipore, Kolkata

Propose a service model to overcome the drawbacks of current government

initiatives like one being implemented by Mr. Modi in Rann of Kachh, Gujarat
 References
• http://www.wbreda.org
• http://rggvy.gov.in/rggvy/rggvyportal/index.html
• www.cea.nic.in
• Shaping a sustainable Energy future for India: Management Challenges, Received 11 October 2009 Accepted 18
March 2010 Available online 10 April 2010 , Subhes C Bhattacharyya
• Rural Electrification Industry Overview, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CORPORATION LIMITED - INDUSTRY
OVERVIEW DRAFT 4
• Managing risk in a large rural electrification programme in India – March 2007,Subhes C Bhattacharyya and
Prasanta K Dey
• Power sector Highlights Aug 2010, Government of India, Ministry of Power, CEA
• Universal electrification: will the new electrification programme succeed in India? – June 2006 , Subhes C.
Bhattacharyya, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Hydro Performance Review (Summary) 07-08 – 2008, Government of India, Ministry of Power, CEA
• All India Electricity Statistics – March 2006, Government of India, Ministry of Power, CEA
• BPL household electrification – 2010 report from RGGVY
• http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/07/stories/2010080758760300.htm
• http://www.accommodationtimes.com/research/providing-electricity-to-rural-households/
• http://www.dvcindia.org/activitiesruralelectrification.htm
• http://www.livemint.com/2009/11/01223116/Bengal-launches-rural-electrif.html
• http://projectsmonitor.com/MISC/west-bengal-accelerates-rural-electrification
• http://www.districtsofindia.com/westbengal/alldistricts/infrastructure/index.aspx
• http://www.westbengalstat.com/power/26/electrification/84/stats.aspx
• http://www.wwindea.org/technology/ch05/en/5_3_X.html
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/s
• http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Electricity-to-rural-areas-CAG-pulls-up-state-for-poor-show/290861/