m


  
 
      
 
Ô   
  

 
 
 


 m
 
  

 
  
 
    !


 
" #  $
 # 
  
m%
& & 
 Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela and Chile
scanned.

Scanning
1. Demographics
2. Culture
3. Economy
4. Political Environment
5. Consumption
6. competition
|ankings on the ease of doing business 2011
35. Mexico
43. Chile
115. Argentina
127. Brazil
172. Venezuela
Ä ï
  110 million
Ä G ï

 
 ^ ,100
Ä h


   
  44%
Ä º



 
 23%
Ä 
 37%
Ä ï  40%
Ä m
 
 1%
Ä G ï  
  Services 62.2%, Industry 34.1%,
Agriculture 3,7%
Ä 0% speaks spanish
Ä 8 % is catholic
Ä Close family
Ä Community life

Ä In many ways, contemporary life in its cities has

become similar to that in neighboring United States
and Europe. Most Mexican villagers follow the older
way of life more than the city people do. More than
75% of the people of Mexico live in cities of over
50,000 inhabitants.
Ä Indirectness - difficulty in saying "no³
Ä Socialize: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner!
Ä Follow up quickly with your Mexican
partner
Ä Time is flexible
Ä Use a qualified interpreter if needed
Ä Patience pays off
Ä Keep in contact: visit or phone
Ä Physical contact: "un abrazo"
Ä Prefer to communicate other than via e-mail
Ä The
    
 is the 11th largest in the world. After rapid
economic, social and technological growth beginning in the 1 0s,
Mexico is now both one of the world's largest economies and one of the
fastest growing economies in the world, with a stable growth rate of
7.6%.
Ä Internationally active since 2000 because of primary issues with the US
Ä Untill now they almost not trade with the EU
Ä The paved-roadway network is the most extensive in Latin America at
116,802 km in 2005.
Nonetheless, Mexico's diverse orography²most of the territory is
crossed by high-altitude ranges of mountains²as well as economic
challenges have led to difficulties in creating an integrated transportation
network and even though the network has improved, it still cannot meet
national needs adequately. They¶re also trying to expand the railway.
Ä Independence from Spain since 1810
Ä The United Mexican States are a 

 
whose government is representative, democratic
and republican based on a presidential system
according to the 1 17 Constitution
Ä President = Felipe Calderon
Ä Corruption but the government do campaigns to
stop it
Ä First introduced in Mexico (151

Ä Today: remains a highly valued commodity

Ä Hot chocolate = national drink

Ä There are a lot of typical mexican chocolate
products
Ä Big producers and distributors:
* Chocolate Dos Hermanos S.A. de C.V.
( 101-500 employees, US and Mexico = main customer

* Luxus
(US, Mexico, Spain and Saudi Arabia = main customer

Ä Not alot, but strong regional competition

Ä ‰  ‰

--Venezuelan(s
.
Ä ï
  (Dec. 200 est.
: 28,385,627.
Ä §

   : 1.6%.
Ä ü
:
* `   
 --22.02 deaths/1,000 live births
* m
 --73.38 years.
Ä ü 
   
  
    

* Lowest 10%: 1.7%
* Highest 10%: 32.7%
Ä 
  |oman Catholic 6%, Protestant 2%,
other 2%.
Ä m
: Spanish (official
, numerous
indigenous dialects.
Ä  :
* † 
 --
* m
-- 5%.
Ä   
: Spanish, Italian, Portuguese,
Arab, German, African, Amerindian.
Ä Annual growth rate (200
: -2. %.
Ä Natural resources: Petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron
ore, gold, diamonds, bauxite, other minerals,
hydroelectric power.
* Petroleum industry (11.6% of 200 GDP in constant 1 7
dollars
: Oil refining, petrochemicals.
* Manufacturing (15.2% of 200 GDP in constant 2007
dollars
: Ô--iron and steel products, paper products,
aluminum, textiles, transport equipment, consumer
products.
* Agriculture (4% of GDP
: ï 
 --corn, sorghum, rice,
bananas, vegetables, coffee, beef, pork, poultry, milk, eggs,
fish.
Ä Inflation rate: 27.1% (200

Ä Venezuela has an extensive road system,
especially in the capital city. They are working on
the railway system to increase transportation by
2020.
Ä Type: Federal |epublic.
Ä Independence: July 5, 1811.
Ä Constitution: December 30, 1 .
Ä President: Hugo Chavez
Ä Corruption: it one the most corrupt countries in the
TNI survey (38 out of 41

Ä From 1 3 the chocolate consumption increased
Ä They buy regional products such as: El |ey
Ä They are proud of their own products
Ä From 1 3: more than 100 different brands so
there is a lot of national competition.
Ä El |ey is the market leader
Ä In the big cities you can find some international
competitors
Ä ï
 : 40,301, 27
Ä ï
   : 0. 6%
Ä @ 
:17.4/1,000
Ä
 
:7.5/1,000
Ä G 
 51.3 ´ most are middle-class
A Gini index value of 0 represents absolute equality, and a value of 100
indicates absolute inequality.
Ä language: spanish is the official language but there
are also more than 1 milj speakers of Italian
Ä religion: majority is christian
Ä There is a mix of ethnic cultures
Ä Education:
* No formal 4.5%
* education Incomplete 16.5%
* primary Complete 31%
* primary Incomplete 13.7%
* secondary Complete 16.1%
* secondary Incomplete 7.1%
* tertiary Complete 11.1%
Ä Annual growth: 3%
Ä Inflation rate: 11.1%
Ä §
 benefits from rich natural resources, a
highly literate population, an export-
oriented agricultural sector and a
diversifiedindustrial base.
Ä Transport is mainly based on a complex network
of routes, crossed by relatively inexpensive long-
distance buses and by cargo trucks.
Ä Ô

 federal presidential representative
democratic |epublic
Ä ï

 Christina Fernandez de Kirchner
Ä Argentina is known for political and economic
 
 .
Ä Argentines eat more chocolate after 2001 crisis,
imports and exports of cocoa and derivatives
increased more than 11% in the first quarter of
2005 compared to last year.
Ä Per capita consumption of chocolate =
1.6 kilos per year
(far from the .5 kilos per capita in Europe, but similar to the
average of 1.77 kilos per capita per year in Brazil

Ä Argentine chocolate market is costly, competitive
and complex.
(ex. Oreo, Dolca, Chocolate Mall

Ä They import most of their chocolate so there is
more international than national competition.
Ä ï
  17,0 4,270
Ä   
 85%
Ä 


  10%
Ä 
 45 %
Ä m 
  45%
Ä 

 
 
 8.3%
Ä 
 
 31.7
Ä G

 50. % Female
- European style education of the Chilean
population for centuries has given shape to
Chilean culture in the form of rich music, art
and architecture amongst other things.
- European immigration in great numbers
has also had an impact on the cuisine
culture of Chile.
-The Chilean management style is similar to that of
North America. However, the selection of Boards of
Directors members and upper management is often
influenced by social and family connections.

-Class and ethnic descent play important roles in most

aspects of Chilean life. Business and political leaders
often belong to a narrow elite composed of several
dozen prominent families.

- Chileans are more formal than North Americans. In

terms of courtesies, for example, Chileans always
stand when a woman enters a room.
ÄFastest growing economy in Latin America
during the last 15 years, with an average
annual per capita growth rate of 4.1
percent.
Ä GDP per capita: 14, 82
ÄExpected GDP growth 2010: 5%
ÄUnemployment |ate: 8.3%
Ä Presidential representative democratic republic.
Ä Constitution was approved in a national plebiscite
in September 1 80, under the military government
of dictator Augusto Pinochet.
Ä In September 2005, President |icardo Lagos
signed into law several constitutional amendments
passed by Congress
Ä President = Sebastián Piñera
Ä 21st least corrupt country in the world according to
the transparency.org corruption index. 1st among
Latin American countries.
Ä 2.6 kg per capita, highest in Latin America.
Ä Thin chocolate is preferred but bitter chocolate¶s
market share is growing much faster.
Ä Chocolates are also mainly sold in grocery stores
(51.5%
and supermarkets (48%
.
Ä The chocolate market is in its development phase
and is still immature.
Ä 2001 and 2007, confectionery value sales in Chile
increased by 44.5%. Chocolate sales representing
66.3% of this market
Ä The category is expected to continue growing
thanks to innovative products with a higher added
value.
Ä Value sales are forecast to increase by a further
46.4% by 2013, according to Business Monitor
International.
Ä The chocolate market is dominated by three
companies: Arcor Dos en Uno, Carozzi and
Nestlé. The high-end chocolate market is
dominated by Bozzo, Varsovienne, Damien
Mercier, Félix Brunatto, and Dos Castillos.
Ä With a growing market and limited competition
there is possiblities to enter this market.
Ä ï
  201,103,330
Ä   
 86%
Ä 


  23%
Ä 
 4 %
Ä m 
  26%
Ä 

 
 
 7.2%
Ä 
 
 28.
Ä G

 51% Female
-The core culture of Brazil derived from
Portuguese culture, because of strong colonial
ties with the Portuguese empire.
-The family is the foundation of the social
structure and forms the basis of stability for most
people.
-Unlike many other Latin American countries
where there is a distinct Indian population,
Brazilians have intermarried to the point that it
sometimes seems that almost everyone has a
combination of European, African and indigenous
ancestry.
-Brazilians need to know who they are doing
business with before they can work effectively.
- Communication is often informal and does not
rely on strict rules of protocol. Anyone who feels
they have something to say will generally add their
opinion.
- In Sao Paulo and Brasilia it is important to arrive
on time for meetings. In |io de Janeiro and other
cities it is acceptable to arrive a few minutes late for
a meeting.
ÄGDP per capita: 10,4 8
ÄExpected GDP growth 2010: 8.5%
ÄUnemployment |ate: 8.1%
ÄThe Brazilian economy has been predicted to
become one of the five largest economies in the
world in the decades to come.
ÄBrazil ranked 58th in the 2010-2011 Global
Competitiveness |eport, 5th among Latin
American countries
Ä Presidential representative democratic republic.
Ä Constitution of 1 88 ± the progressive
redemocratization culminated in the current
constitution. Very democratic, it is more expansive
than a normal constitution ± many statutory acts in
other countries are written into this constitution,
like Social Security and taxes.
Ä President is Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, president
elect is Dilma |ousseff
Ä |anked the 6 th most corrupt country in the world
according to the transparency.org corruption
index.
Ä Their government is plagued by corruption and
president elect Dilma |ousseff is an ex fugitive
guerilla.
Ä Brazilian chocolate market increased by 3.5%
from 200
Ä Average consumption of 2.5 kg/year per
inhabitant.
Ä Forecasts for 2008-2013: Chocolate
confectionery are expected to lead growth with an
increase in value of 62.3%
Ä Chocolate is considered a natural resource in
Brazil.
Ä Kraft Foods Brasil SA was the leader in chocolate
confectionery, with 33.2% market share in 2007.
Its leading brand is Lacta.
Ä Cadbury and Nestle also hold a significant market
share.
Ä Among countries scanned Chile:
* |anked 1st in chocolate consumption per capita
* 2nd in ease of doing business
* 2nd in GDP per capita
* Was the least corrupt country with a solid political
situation
* Sees strong future economic growth with GDP expected
to rise 7.3% in 2011
* Has an unsaturated chocolate market that is that
expected to continue to expand.
Ä http://www.alimentosargentinos.gov.ar/0-
3/azucar/choco/G_chocolate.htm
Ä http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTLF/|esour
ces/LPI2010_for_web.pdf
Ä www.doingbusiness.org
Ä www.wikipedia.com
Ä www.buyusa.gov
Ä International Monetary Fund
Ä U.S. Department of Agriculture in Santiago Chile.
Ä Goldman Sachs
Ä http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-
etiquette/brazil-country-profile.html
Ä http://www.ats.agr.gc.ca/lat/5326-eng.htm
Ä CIA World Factbook