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• They consist of
nucleic acids enclosed
in a protein coat and
sometimes a
membranous envelop.
• The genomes (sets of genes) maybe
– Double stranded DNA
– Single stranded DNA
– Double stranded RNA
– Single stranded RNA
• They are called either a DNA or RNA virus
depending on the type of nucleotide in the
make-up.
• They may be linear or circular
• The smallest have only 4 genes and largest
have several hundred.
• Capsid – a protein shell that covers the viral
genome. They may be
– Rod-shaped
– Polyhedral
– More complex
Fig. 18.9a
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• In recent years, several very dangerous
“emergent viruses” have risen to prominence.
– HIV, the AIDS virus, seemed to appear suddenly in
the early 1980s.
– Each year new strains of influenza virus cause
millions to miss work or class, and deaths are not
uncommon.
– The deadly Ebola
virus has caused
hemorrhagic fevers
in central Africa
periodically since
1976.
Fig. 18.8a