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Ag 20 in. 400 in 2
2
Ast 10.16 in 2
2
0.0254
Ag 400 in
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Given 8 # 10 (1.27 in2) and fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
P0 0.85 f c Ag Ast f y Ast
0.85 4 ksi 400 in 10.16 in
2 2
60 ksi 10.16 in 2
1935 k
Pn rP0 [ Point 1 ]
0.8 1935 k 1548 k
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Determine where the balance point, cb.
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Determine where the balance point, cb. Using similar
triangles, where d = 20 in. – 2.5 in. = 17.5 in., one can
find cb
cb 17.5 in.
0.003 0.003 0.00207
0.003
cb 17.5 in.
0.003 0.00207
cb 10.36 in.
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Determine the strain of the steel
Ts As fs 3 1.27 in 2
60 ksi
228.6 k
Pn Cc Cs1 Cs2 Ts
599.8 k 215.6 k 228.6 k
585.8 k
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Compute the moment about the center
h a h h
M Cc Cs1 d1 Ts d3
2 2 2 2
20 in. 0.85 10.85 in.
599.8 k
2 2
20 in.
215.6 k 2.5 in.
2
20 in.
228.6 k 17.5 in.
2
6682.2 k-in 556.9 k-ft
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
A single point from interaction diagram,
(585.6 k, 556.9 k-ft). The eccentricity of the point is
defined as
M 6682.2 k-in
e 11.41 in.
P 585.8 k
[ Point 2 ]
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Now select a series of additional points by selecting
values of c. Select c = 17.5 in. Determine the strain
of the steel. (c is at the location of the tension steel)
c 2.5 in. 17.5 in. 2.5 in.
s1 cu 0.003
c 17.5 in.
0.00257 fs1 74.5 ksi 60 ksi (compression)
c 10 in. 17.5 in. 10 in.
s2 cu 0.003
c 17.5 in.
0.00129 f s2 37.3 ksi (compression)
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Compute the forces in the column
Ts As f s 3 1.27 in 2
0 ksi
0 k
Pn 1012 k 216 k 86 k
1314 k
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Compute the moment about the center
h a h
M Cc Cs1 d1
2 2 2
20 in. 0.85 17.5 in.
1012 k
2 2
20 in.
216 k 2.5 in.
2
4213 k-in 351.1 k-ft
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
A single point from interaction diagram,
(1314 k, 351.1 k-ft). The eccentricity of the point is
defined as
M 4213 k-in
e 3.2 in.
P 1314 k
[ Point 3 ]
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Select c = 6 in. Determine the strain of the steel, c =6 in.
c 2.5 in. 6 in. 2.5 in.
s1 cu 0.003
c 6 in.
0.00175 fs1 50.75 ksi (compression)
c 10 in. 6 in. 10 in.
s2 cu 0.003
c 6 in.
0.002 f s2 58 ksi (tension)
c 17.5 in. 6 in. 17.5 in.
s3 cu 0.003
c 6 in.
0.00575 f s3 60 ksi (tension)
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Compute the forces in the column
Cc 0.85 f cb 1c
0.85 4 ksi 20 in. 0.85 6 in.
346.8 k
Cs1 As1 f s1 0.85 f c
3 1.27 in 2 50.75 ksi 0.85 4 ksi
180.4 k C
Cs2 2 1.27 in 2 58 ksi
147.3 k T
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Compute the forces in the column
Ts As f s 3 1.27 in 2
60 ksi
228.6 k
Pn 346.8 k 180.4 k 147.3 k 228.6 k
151.3 k
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Compute the moment about the center
h a h h
M Cc Cs1 d1 Ts d3
2 2 2 2
0.85 6 in.
346.8 k 10 in.
2
180.4 k 10 in. 2.5 in.
228.6 k 17.5 in. 10 in.
5651 k-in 470.9 k-ft
Example: Axial Load Vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
A single point from interaction diagram,
(151 k, 471 k-ft). The eccentricity of the point is
defined as
M 5651.2 k-in
e 37.35 in.
P 151.3 k
[ Point 4 ]
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Select point of straight tension. The maximum tension
in the column is
Pn As f y 8 1.27 in 2
60 ksi
610 k
[ Point 5 ]
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Point c (in) Pn Mn e
1 - 1548 k 0 0
2 20 1515 k 253 k-ft 2 in
3 17.5 1314 k 351 k-ft 3.2 in
4 12.5 841 k 500 k-ft 7.13 in
5 10.36 585 k 556 k-ft 11.42 in
6 8.0 393 k 531 k-ft 16.20 in
7 6.0 151 k 471 k-ft 37.35 in
8 ~4.5 0k 395 k-ft infinity
9 0 -610 k 0 k-ft
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Use a series of c
values to obtain the Column Analysis
1500
1000
P (k)
500
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
-500
-1000
M (k-ft)
Example: Axial Load vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Max. compression
Column Analysis
1200
1000
Location of the 800
400 Cb
Pn (k)
200
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
-200
-400
-800
Mn (k-ft)
Behavior under Combined
Bending and Axial Loads
Interaction Diagram Between Axial Load and Moment
( Failure Envelope )
Concrete crushes
before steel yields
Note: Any combination of P and M outside the envelope will cause failure.
Design for Combined Bending
and Axial Load (short column)
Column Types
3) Tied Column - Bars in 2 faces (furthest from axis
of bending.
Pn Pn e
or K n versus R n
f c Ag f c Ag h
Read Pn Calculate Pu f c
Ag
f c Ag required Pn
(for each governing case) f c Ag
Pu 840 kips
Pn 1292 k
0.65
12 in.
420 k-ft
Mu ft 6.0 in.
en
Pu 840 k
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Compute the initial components
h 24 in. 5.0 in. 19.0 in.
19.0 in.
0.79
24 in.
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Compute the coefficients of the column
Pn 1292 k
Kn
Ag f c 16 in. 24 in. 4 ksi
0.84
Rn
Pn e
1292 k 6 in.
Ag f c h 16 in. 24 in. 4 ksi 24 in.
0.21
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Using an interaction
diagram, B-13
Rn , K n 0.21, 0.84
0.7
f c 4 ksi f y 60 ksi
0.042
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Using an interaction
diagram, B-14
Rn , K n 0.21, 0.84
0.9
f c 4 ksi f y 60 ksi
0.034
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Using linear interpolation to find the r of the
column 0.9 0.7
0.7 0.7
0.9 0.7
0.034 0.042
0.042 0.79 0.7
0.9 0.7
0.0384
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Determine the amount of steel required
Ast Ag 0.0384 16 in. 24 in.
14.75 in 2
Select the steel for the column, using #11 bars
2
Ast 14.75 in
2
9.45 bars 10 bars
Ab 1.56 in
Example: Interaction Diagrams
The areas of the steel:
Ast 15.6 in 2
As1 7.8 in 2 , At 7.8 in 2
The loading on the column
Example: Interaction Diagrams
The compression components are
Cs1 As1 f y 0.85 f c 7.8 in 2 60 ksi 0.85 4 ksi
441.5 k
Cc 0.85 f cba 0.85 4 ksi 16 in. 0.85 c
46.24c
Example: Interaction Diagrams
The tension component is
T As1 fs 7.8 in 2 f s
d c 21.5 in. c
fs Es cu 29000 ksi 0.003
c c
21.5 in. c
87 ksi
c
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Take the moment about the tension steel
a
Pn e Cs1 d d Cc d
2
Pn Cs1 Cc T
541.2 k 64.14c 1.27c 441.5 k 46.24c 7.8 fs
2
1313.7 k 1292 k
Compute Mn about the center
h h a h
M n Cs1 d Cc T d
2 2 2 2
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Compute Mn about the center
Pn 0.65 1313.7 k
853.9 k 840 k
Example: Interaction Diagrams
Determine the tie spacing using #4 bars
16d b
spacing smallest 48dstirrup
smallest dimension
16 1.41 in. 22.56 in.
48 0.5 in. 24 in.
16 in. Use 16 in.