V Communication is the process of

exchanging information and understanding

among people.
V The interchange of thoughts, opinions, or
information by speech, writing, or signs.
V Communication involves: Transmission and
reception of messages (just as an artist
uses a brush and paint to depict a beautiful
sunset or landscape, so too
communicators use messages to represent
their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.)
V Communication involves people (at least two,
one to transmit the message (sender) and
another to receive the message (receiver).
V The definition refers to the process of
communication. Communication is best
described as a process, because it is active,
continuous, reciprocal and dynamic.
V Effective communication is important for
managers in organisations to perform their basic
functions of planning, organising, leading, and
controlling.
V The process of communication makes it
possible for managers to carry out their task
responsabilities.
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V There are several forms of interpersonal

communication in organisations:
V Spoken word: is the most common, it¶s
the quickest and is likely to be quite
accurate because messages can be
clarified through ongoing dialogues.
V Written communication: Memos, letters,
reports, orders, e-mail and the like can
serve as permanent records n addition
to conveying messages.
V ron-verbal: Consists of unspoken
clues., a person¶s tone of voice, facial
expressions, eye behavior, head-
nodding, nose-thumbing, thumb
movement, are all non-verbal cues. This
popularly called ³body language´.
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1) PHYSICAL BARRIERS: distance between sender and receiver.

roise and environmental factors

Œ) PERSONAL BARRIERS: psycological distance between

communicator and comunicatee.

3) SEMANTIC OR LANGUAGE BARRIERS:

4) STATUS ( SUPERIOR ± SUBORDINATE RELATIONSTION )

BARRIERS:

5) ORGANISATIONNAL STRUCTURE BARRIERS:

6) BARRIERS DUE TO IADEQUATE ATTENTION:

7) PREMATURE EVALUATION:

8) EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE:
 ) RESISTANCE TO CHANGE:

10) BARRIERS DUE TO LACK OF MUTUAL TRUST:

11) Emotions: any of the feelings of joy, sorrow, fear,

hate, love.

12) Attacking the individual: Discussing people or their

appearance rather than the real issue. It¶s criticize
behavior, not people.

13) Judging: Forming an opinion.

14) OTHER BARRIERS:

 
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V Effective communication is a good business and very essential for
the success of an organisation.
V An effective communication is one which is followed by the receiver
of the message and his raction or response is known to the sender. It
is a two way process.
V It may not be able to achieve perfect comunication . B ut the
following steps may be taken to minimise barriers to communication
and making it more effective
1) CLARITY AND COMPLETENESS:

Œ) PROPER LANGUAGE:

3) SOUND ORGANISATION STRUCTURE:

4) Use Face-to-Face communication: Is more effective than written orders in

reducing misunderstanding because the sender can receive feedback
immediately and discover if the person has been understood.
6) Avoid credibility gaps: Always keep in mind your promises.

6) Write for understanding: Keep all the evidence and is more formal.

7) Watch Your Timing: Act in the appropriate time.

8) Be sensitive to other¶s feelings and needs: Patience, not to interrupt,

concentrated or listening.

) SOUND ORGANISATIN TRUCTURE:

10) ORIENTATION OF EMPLOYEES:

11) EMPHATIC LISTENING:

1Œ) FEEDBACK

13)GESTURES AND TONE:

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V Management will find it difficult to receive
feedback from employees without
developing improved techniques of
listening.
V Some supervisors discover that time spent
on effective listening can be as valuable as
an investment in more efficient equipment
and can save them a scarce and valuable
resource time.
V Costly accidents and expensive errors can
often be avoided when employees listen to
their supervisors and coworkers.