August 2008

Transport Fundamentals
(Dasar-dasar Teknik Transportasi)

Prof.Ir.SIGIT PRIYANTO,M.Sc.,PhD
Dr. PAWINEE IAMTRAKUL

1
Definition, Progress in
Transportation

2
 Transportation in
multidimensional
One of the basic functions of
transportation is to link residence with
employment and producers of goods
with their users.
From a wider viewpoint, transportation
facilities provide the options for
• work,
• Shopping & recreation,
• access to health,
• education,
3
• other amenities.
4
Role of Transportation

5
 Progress in Transportation
Human beings are known to have laid out and used convenient
routes as early as 30,000 B.C.
Traders and Migrants opened up most major routes of
communication, but military has generally been responsible for
improving the status of early routes built by civilians.
The first wheeled military vehicles were developed around 2500
B.C.
Steady progress has since been maintained in providing the
highway and street network in proving vehicles for moving
people and goods over this network and in enhancing ability of
driver to operate the vehicles.

6
 Progress in Transportation
Before bicycles and motor vehicles came into fashion,
vehicle speeds seldom exceeded 10 mph.
Naturally, a surface of compacted broken stone made
an ideal pavement surface, even for the solid iron
wheels then in use.
People who traveled on foot could manage between 10
and 25 miles per day
Horse could make almost 40 miles per day
By the late 1840s, the hourse-drawn street car appeared
in a number of cities, average speed of about 4 mph
Until 1880s, electrically propelled transportation was
introduced (beginning of world war I)
In 1885, Daimler and Benz’s introduction of the
gasoline-powered internal combustion engine 7
 Technology development in
transportation
The first pipelines in the United States were introduced in 1825.
The internal-combustion engine was invented in 1866.
The first automobile was produced in 1886 (by Daimler and Benz).
The Wright brothers flew the first heavier-than-air machine in 1903.
The first diesel electric locomotive was introduced in 1921.
Lindbergh flew over the Atlantic Ocean to Europe in 1927.
The first diesel engine buses were used in 1938.
The first limited-access highway in the United States (the Pennsylvania
Turnpike) opened in 1940.
The Interstate Highway system was initiated in 1950.
The first commercial jet appeared in 1958.
Human beings landed on the moon in 1969.
The use of computers and automation in transportation grew
dramatically through the 1960s and 1970s and continues today.
8
Microcomputers have revolutionized our capabilities to run programs
Transportation System and
Components

9
 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION
AND SYSTEM

System:
The relationship between one variable and other
variables in an activity.

Objectives of Transportation System:

Optimum journey can be reached with safe,
comfort, and low cost.

10
Transportation:
The movement of goods/people from one
place to other places

When there is demand of transport:

- Supply is not sufficient
- Mobility is happen
- Transportation system is created
- Mobility is going to be optimum

11
Transportation System Components
1. Fixed Facilities
Fixed Physical Components
- Road Network, Rail Road, Pipe
- Terminal, station, harbor, airport

2. Flow entities and technology

Vehicles, rolling stocks, container (based
on the characteristic)

3. Control System
- Vehicular control
- Flow control
12
Relationship with other sciences
- Basic sciences
- Mathematics
- Economy
- Geography

Role of Transportation
- Natural Transportation
Use nature as facilities and infrastructure of
transport
- Modern Transportation (Artificial)
Use technology as facilities and infrastructure
of transport
Correlation between lifestyle, scope, and
productive location is happen 13
 The transportation System
A transportation system may be defined as
consisting of the
• Fixed facilities,
• Flow entities,
• Control system
This system permits people and goods to
overcome the friction of geographical space
efficiently in order to participate in a timely
manner in some desired activity.
14
15
 Fixed Facilities
Fixed facilities are the physical components
of the system that are fixed in space and
constitute
• network of links (e.g., roadway segments,
railway track, and pipes)
• nodes (e.g., intersections, interchanges, transit
terminals, harbors, and airports) of the
transportation system.

16
                                                              
Source: Adapted from P. Haggett (2001) Geography: A Modern Synthesis, 4th Edition, New York: Prentice Hall.

17
II. TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

Network Type
The network consists of roads and intersections
which is correlate between one and other.

× Grid Network
Usually in metropolitan
area

18
× Radial Network
Objective: focus to main area
example: Central Business District

19
× Ring Radial Network
Combination between radial network and ring
network
Show that the center city is more important than
other part of the cities

20
× Hexagonal Network
Scattering and gathering intersection
Useful for defence purposes

21
× Delta Network
Modification from hexagonal network
To cope with more journey

22
Type of Network

23
 Flow Entities
Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities
that include vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so
on.
In the case of the highway system the fixed facilities are
expected to accommodate a wide variety of vehicles types,
ranging from bicycles to large tractor-trailer combinations.
Flow entities are considered only in terms of their generic
characteristics, such as size, weight, and acceleration and
deceleration capabilities, rather than in terms of their
specific technological design, which is normally
undertaken by mechanical and electrical engineers.

24
 Control System
The control system consists of vehicular control
and flow control.
• Vehicular control refers to the technological way in
which individual vehicles are guided on the fixed
facilities.
• Such control can be manual or automated.
• The proper geometric design of the fixed facilities
must incorporate, in addition to the characteristics of
the vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicular
control system.
25
 Flow control
In the case of highway facilities, where the
vehicles are manually controlled, these include
driver characteristics,
• such as the time a driver takes to perceive and react to
various stimuli;
• examples of such human factors are contained in our
transportation study program.
In the case of automated systems similar but more
precisely definable response times exist as well.
26
 Movement & Transportation
Reason that people and goods move from one
place to another can be explained by the following
three conditions:
• Complementarity: the relative attractiveness betweeen
two or more destinations;
• Transferibility: the desire to overcome distance,
measured in terms of time and money needed to
overcome this distance and best technology available to
achieve this;
• Intervening: opportunities to competition among
several locations to satisfy demand and supply
27
 Land Use and Transportation Cycle
Land use is one of the prime
determinants of movement and
activity, trip generation
Such a movement will dictate Land Use Trips

transportation facilities such as

streets and bus systems, will be
need to move a TRAFFIC
Transportation Needs
When such additional facilitiesLand Value
have been provided, the system
will naturally have increased
accessibility
Accessibility Transportation Facility
A change in accessibility will
determine the change, if any, in
the value of land Source: Chapter 1:Transprotation As A System. Khisty and Lall 1998

28
29
 System Hierarchy
Urban System

Transportation Telecommunications
Land Use Water System
System System

Institutional Infrastructure System Mode of Intermodal

Structure and services Users Transportation Connections

Transit Highway Nonmotorized

Network Network Network

Arterials Collectors Local

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Major Minor Major Minor
31
Functional Streets & Highways
Arterial: Provide direct service for cities and larger town (generate
and attract a large proportion of trips)
Collector: Serves small towns directly and connect them to the
arterial network
Local streets: Bottom level of the system which serve individual
farms and other rural land usage

32
 Public Transportation System
Hierarchy
The regional transit network: provide fast and
frequent transit service to central city, regional
centers, industrial areas, and intermodal facility
A community transit network: focus on accessibility
and service coverage, speed is not the major concern
that include community bus, mini bus, paratransit and
park and ride
Interurban public transportation services: provide
transit opportunities for intercity movements include
passenger rail, intercity bus, and passenger
intermodal terminals or transfer points
Transit service for special needs populations
provides service to students, elderly, economically
disadvantage, mobility impaired and other with 33
special needs
 Regional Bicycle Functional
Classification
Regional access bikeways: focus on accessibility
to and within the central city, regional centers and
some larger town centers
Regional corridor bikeways: provide point to
point connectivity between the central city,
regional centers, and larger town centers
Community connector bikeways: connect small
town centers, main streets, rail stations, industrial
areas, and regional attractions
Multiuse paths with bicycle transportation
function: connect work sites, schools, transit
stations, stores, and other work/recreational/shop34
destinations
 Regional Pedestrian System
Functional Classification
Pedestrian districts: area of high or potential high
pedestrian activity where a walkable environment is
desired
Transit/mixed use corridor: locate along transit lines
and will be the subject of increased development
densities
Multiuse paths with pedestrian transportation
function: paved, off-streets regional facilities that
accommodate pedestrian and bicycle travel

35
 System purpose
Establish the linkage between transportation system
performance and other systems such as the economy,
environment, or community
Provide opportunities for mobility and accessibility
• Mobility: The ability and knowledge to travel from
one location to another in a reasonable amount of time
and for acceptable costs
• Accessibility: The means by which an individual can
accomplish some economic or social activity through
access to that activity

36
 System Boundary
The key challenge to transportation planners is establishing
the appropriate definition of the system boundary, relate to
the economic and environmental contexts of transportation
and in defining impacts on other systems
The study boundary did not stop at jurisdictional lines and
in fact, crossed national boundaries
Boundary will vary in relation to the problem definition,
decision domain, and scale of analysis
The boundary must be initially defined broadly enough to
cover the spatial and temporal interrelationships associated
with system effects
The boundary itself can become an importation part of the
analysis by examining the inputs and outputs that across it

37
 Central
Business
District

P. 97

38
 System Component
System Users: characteristics of users will influence travel
behavior that is important for choosing one means of
transportation or mode over another
Mode: means of transportation that provide service with
different performance characteristics to serve different trip
purposes
Infrastructure: provide the modal networks, facilities and
services necessary for mobility in metropolitan areas
Intermodal connections: transfer points, terminals and
stations where movement occur between modes, critical
components of an effective multimodal transportation system
Stakeholders: include different segments of community
effected by transportation
39
 System Performance
Level of service: use in transportation
planning to describe performance conditions
in terms of operational characteristics of
interest to users
• Speed
• Travel time,
• Freedom to maneuver,
• Comfort
• convenience
40
Overview of Transportation
Systems Characteristics

41
 Transportation System
Classification
Transportation systems can be categorized in several ways.
For example, they may be classified according to
• the types of technology they employ,
• the function or type of service they provide,
• who owns or is responsible for their implementation and
operation, and so forth.
Each of these diverse typologies views transportation
systems from a different perspective and is useful in making
distinctions that are relevant to different types of
transportation-related decisions.

42
 Mode Classification Scheme
Freight Passenger
Urban Truck Private auto (highway)
(highway)
Transit (highway/rail)
Intercity Truck Private auto (highway)
(highway)
Rail Bus (highway)
Ocean shipping Rail
Inland water Air
Pipeline 43
 Mode of Transportation
The transportation system is further
categorized into four major subsystems
according to the medium on which the flow
elements are supported.
The four major subsystems are:
• Land transport
• Water transport
• Air transport
• Continuous flow system
44
TRANSPORTATION MODAL
CHARACTERISTIC
 Road Characteristic
• Highway Transportation
• Railway Transportation
• Inland Water Transport
• Urban Transportation
• Door to door service
• Giving free to user
• Easy to developed
45
 Railway Transportation
• Saving energy
• Complicated Regulation
• High Capacity

 Sea Transportation
• High Capacity
• Indirectly service (No door to door)
• Low Speed
46
 Air Transportation  ASDP Transportation

High Capacity Saving Energy

Complicated High Capacity

Regulation
High Technology Simple technology

High Safety

47
 TRANSPORTATION MODAL DEVELOPMENT

Air Transportation Modal

• Air network development
• Airport development
• Air infrastructure and facilities development

Sea Transportation Modal

• Sea network development
• Port and Harbor development
• Sea infrastructure and facilities development

48
Road Transportation
1. Highway Transportation Modal
• Network development
• Network increasing function
• Terminal development
• Public transport development
2. Railway Transportation Modal
• Railway network development
• Train facility development
• Signaling development

49
Inland Water Transportation
River and inland water development
Increasing river and inland water transportation
facilities and infrastructure

Other Transportation Modals

(usually used for good transportation)
Conveyor belt
Pipe
Cable

50
 Land Transport
Highways
Rail Transport
Highways
• A rubber-tired wheel on smooth, firm roadway features
the technology used by auto, trucks, buses, bicycles,
motorcycles, taxis, etc.
Railways
• Flanged-wheel-on-rail (steel wheeled or rubber wheeled).
• Railroads, rail transit (MRT, MTR, METRO, etc.) tram.

51
Land
Land
Transport
Transport 52
53
The Ximen station, one of the
stations of Metro Taipei.

54
55
56
57
Bangkok
Bangkok BRT
BRT

58
Bangkok
Bangkok BRT
BRT

59
Tap-Tap Cab (Haiti)

60
Railway: Personal Rapid Transit System

61
Technology and Transportation

62
Pedestrian &
Transportation

63
 Water Transport
Natural or artificial channels and bodies of
water serve as roadways.
ships, barges, pleasure craft, submarines,
etc.

64
65
 Air Transport
Use of air space at a more than nominal
height above the ground.
Example: jet, helicopter, VTOL (vertical-
takeoff-and-landing), STOL (steep).

66
 Continuous Flow Systems
Pipelines
Provides transportation for water, sewage,
petroleum, gas, stream, heat, etc.
Belts, cables.
Conveyors- people movers, escalator, etc.

67
Evaluation to Transportation Modal

Operation Operator Capacity

Road Difficult Many Low

Sea Medium Few High
Air Easy Moderate Medium

68
 Transportation System Improvement Aspect

Service Cost Mainte Safety Environ Human Institution

nance ment Resource
And
Energy

Road xxx x xxx xxx xxx x xx

Sea xx xx xx x x x xxx
Air xx xxx xx x x xx xx

xxx = very important to improve

xx = important to improve
x = less important to improve
69
 Elements of Transportation
System
4 Major Components or Elements of
Transport
The vehicle or carrier or unit of carriage
The motive power or unit propulsion
The way
The terminal

70
 The Vehicle or Carrier
Every mode of transport must have a unit of
carriage in which the goods or passengers
actually move (acts as a carrying unit for the
conveyance of passengers and/or freight).
• Passenger carrier
• Freight carrier.
Cars, buses, airplane,
trucks, ships, etc.

71
 Motive Power
is necessary to propel or drive the carrier
natural or man-made power

wind combustion power

Gravity jet propulsion
animal electric drive
human muscle steam power
etc. etc.
72
 The Way
The way is defined as the medium on or
through which the transport unit travels in
performing its function.
3 Classifications:
• natural ways: air, open sea, river, etc.
• artificially improved natural ways: canals, etc.
• artificial ways: roads, tracks, etc.

73
 The Terminal
Places where interchange between different
vehicles of
• same mode of transport
• between different modes of transport can take
place.
Terminal range in size from a simple roadside
bus stop to huge complex of a major port.

74
 LEVEL OF SERVICE

Introduction and Concept

Level of service is determined by the comparison
between transport facilities and infrastructure
conditions:
• Infrastructure
Comparison between volume and capacity
(vehicle/hour)
• Facility
Comparison between number of passenger
and vehicle capacity (seat)
75
Transportation modals competition
level are depends on:
D Speed
D Door to door service ability

Transportation modal usage are

depends on:
D Distance
D Journey time
76
Level of Service

Level of service is depends on:

Road network facilities
Transport modal available
Control and communication
Other Facilities (ambulance, fire fighter, police
patrol, post, etc)

Service cost level is depends on city size and

number of resident

77
Urban Transportation
Transport Management
Ramp Metering
contra flow
City zoning
Flex – time/staggered work hours
Restricted access
Regulation of parking
Demand responsive public transport
(special service)

78
79
 URBAN TRANSPORTATION

Background
Resident area which is near from harbor,
river, or lake are become a city
City grows along the railway and highway
side
City grows along the main road
City center grow become CBD (Central
Business District)
80
 TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS

 Disintegrated operational system

 Danger, uncomfortable, high cost
 Government regulation on public transport
only issues

Private vehicle usage

Congestion and Pollution

Decreased productivity
81
Urban Transportation Modal
Walking is the main modal
Other modals:
1. Private Vehicle
a. Alone
b. With passenger
c. Car pooling
2. Van pooling/Para transit
some people rent a car
82
3. Taxi
Users are:
• Tourist
• Visitors
• Businessman
4. Non mass transit:
• School bus
• Employer bus
• Difable or children bus, etc.

83
5. Light rail (electric street car)
6. Rail rapid transit (mass rapid transit)
7. Commuter (regional) rail system
8. Air and water services
• Helicopter
• Ferry

Modal Combination
Park – and – ride
Private car – park – public transportation
Kiss – and – ride
Private car passenger dropped off at terminal

84
 PUBLIC TRANSPORT

1. Characteristics of public transport

High demand for public transport
Passenger desire:
- Short duration for waiting time and
journey time
- Seat availability

85
2. Group of public transportation operators
a. National or local company
Government company or co-operation
Standard service route
Standard service system

b. Private company
Special service route
Special service system
Disintegrated with other public
transportation
86
3. Public transport classification
a. Based on service:
• Basis system
• Supplement system
b. Based on function:
• Connecting
• Spreading
c. Based on service route:
• Short distance
• Long distance
d. Based on service area:
• Urban area
• Regional area
87
88
 Transportation System Classification

Route level Bus stop Name

300 km 150 km International system
80 – 300 km 50 km National system
30 – 800 km 20 km Interregional system
30 km 3 km Regional system
Resident area 0.8 km Urban system

89
90
 GOVERNMENT STEPS TO SOLVE THE URBAN
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM ARE :
Development Program

MACRO TRANSPORTATION PATTERN

Case of Jakarta
Which is combine 4 Public Transportation System
1. Bus Priority (ie: busway)
2. LRT (Light Rail Transit)
3. MRT (Mass Rapid Transit)
4. ASDP (River or Lake Public Transport)
91
 Mass Transport Characteristic
(Velocity, Construction Cost, Capacity)

Velocity Cost Capacity

Modal Type Million
km/hour USD/km route/hour-lane

1 MRT Mix 10–12 15.000

0,5-2,5
Excl. 15–30 35.000
2 Train Mix 10-12 3-5 12.000

3 Light Train 15-25 12-25 18.000-40.000

4 Metro Surface 30-35 30-40 20.000-50.000
5 Metro Subway 30-35 85-105 25.000-70.000
92
 Compare with

Too much empty chair on

130 vehicles with 160 the way!
85 passengers x 2 buses
passengers! = 170 passengers!!
93
1. Bus Priority System (example: Trans Jakarta)

 Since January 15, 2004 on first corridor

(Blok M - Kota: 12,9 km)

 Until 2010 will developed become 14 corridors

(159 km)

94
 
 
Muara
Muara Angke
Angke 
Tanjung
Tanjung Priok
Priok


Kota
Kota


Kalideres
Kalideres

Busway Route Design (2003 – 2010)

 
Grogol
Grogol
Rawa
Rawa Buaya
Buaya

Senen
Senen

1.
1. Koridor
Koridor
 Blok M
Blok M –– Kota
Kota 
Tanah
Tanah Abang
Abang
Pulo
Pulo Gadung
Gadung

2. Koridor Pulo Gebang - Pulo. Gadung 

– Bundaran

HI Rawa
Rawa Mangun
Mangun
Pulogebang
Pulogebang
3. Koridor Rawa Buaya – Grogol 
– Harmoni/ Juanda Manggarai
Manggarai

4. Koridor Pulo Gebang – Pulo Gadung - Tanah Abang


Klender
Klender
 Kampung
Kampung Melayu
Melayu
Ciledug
Ciledug
5. Koridor 
Kampung Melayu – Ancol
6. Koridor Kampung Melayu – Cideng Blok
Blok M
M

7. Koridor Pasar Minggu - Manggarai Usulan

Usulan Tahapan
Tahun
Tahapan Pengembangan
Tahun 2003
Pengembangan Buspriority
2003 -- 2010
2010
Buspriority

8. Koridor Ciledug
 – Cawang Pasar
Pasar Minggu
Minggu
Phase I
Phase III

9. Koridor Kp. Rambutan – Kp. Melayu

 Phase II
Pondok
Pondok Gede
Gede Phase IV
 
Lebak
Lebak Bulus
Bulus Phase V
10. Koridor Warung Jati – Menteng
Pinang
Pinang Ranti
Ranti
Phase VI
Phase VII

11. Koridor Tomang – Harmoni – Ps. Baru Kp.

Kp. Rambutan
Rambutan Phase VIII
Phase IX

0 2.5 12. Koridor PuloGebang – Kp. Melayu

5
MRT/KRL Jabodetabek/LRT
Tol
 Terminal Bis
13. Koridor Senayan – Pejompongan

kilometers

Pelabuhan

14. Koridor Lebak Bulus – Kebayoran Lama

15. Koridor Pulo Gebang – Pulo Gadung  Bandara Udara

95
PUBLIC
PUBLIC ENTHUSIASTIC
ENTHUSIASTIC

96
INCREASING
INCREASING TO
TO DAILY
DAILY PASSENGER
PASSENGER (February-March
(February-March 2004)
2004)

60,000.00

50,000.00

40,000.00

30,000.00

20,000.00
Minggu VIII
Minggu VII
10,000.00
Minggu VI
Minggu V
-
Minggu IV

Minggu III

Minggu II

Minggu I

97
 INCREASING
INCREASING TO
TO AVERAGE
AVERAGE OF
OF DAILY
DAILY PESSENGER
PESSENGER
(February-March
(February-March 2004)
2004)
60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

Rata-rata Libur
Rata-rata hari kerja
-
Minggu I Minggu II Minggu III Minggu IV Minggu V Minggu VI Minggu VII Minggu VIII 98
 FEEDER
FEEDER SERVICES
SERVICES BUSWAY
BUSWAY CONCEPT
CONCEPT


 Muara
Muara
MuaraAngke
Angke
Angke


 Tanjung
Tanj
Tanjung Priok
ung Priok
Priok




 Kota
Kota
Kota





 Kalideres
Kalideres
Kalideres


 Rawa
Rawa Buaya
Rawa Buaya
Buaya

 Grogol
Grogol
Grogol



 Senen
Senen
Senen
Senen
Senen
Senen


 
 Pulo
Pulo
Pulo Gadung
Gadung
Gadung

 Tanah
Tanah Abang
Tanah Abang
Abang


 
 Rawa
Rawa
Rawa Mangun
Mangun
Mangun


 Pulogebang
Pulogebang
Pulogebang


 Manggarai
Manggarai
Manggarai




 
 Klender
Klender
Klender


 Kampung
Kampung Melayu
Kampung Melayu
Melayu



Keterangan :

 Ciledug
Ciledug
Ciledug
Ciledug
Ciledug
Ciledug
Busway Corridor

 
 Blok
Blok M
Blok M
M

Feeder 1
Feeder 2
Feeder 3
Feeder 4
Feeder 5
Feeder 6
Feeder 7
Feeder 8
Feeder 9 
 Pasar
Pasar
Pasar Minggu
Minggu
Minggu

Feeder 10
Feeder 11 
 Pondok
Pondok
Pondok Gede
Pondok
Pondok
Pondok Gede
Gede
Gede
Gede

Feeder 12


 Lebak
Lebak Bulus
Lebak Bulus
Bulus

 Pinang
Pinang Ranti
Pinang Ranti
Ranti
Jaringan Trayek Mikrolet
Jaringan Trayek Bus Reguler
Jaringan Trayek Bus Patas AC
Jaringan Trayek Bus Patas 
 Kp.
Kp.
Kp. Rambutan
Rambutan
Rambutan


 Transfer Point
Terminal Bus



99
FEEDER
FEEDER BUS
BUS SERVICES
SERVICES

100
 CORRIDOR
CORRIDOR 22 and
and 33
res Stasiun
e Kota
id
al
K

da
al

an
in

Ju
rm
Te

n
iu
as
St
Lapangan
ng

ol
g Banteng
e

ro
ar

G
gk
en
C.
Ps

Monas
Central
Busway Stasiun 1
Gambir
2

g
tih
City Centers and

un
ne
Intermodal Transfer

Pu

ad
a

Se
points
ot

g
ka

lo
K

n
Pulogadung – Monas CB Line

iu

pa

Pu
i
la

as
Kalideres – Monas CB Line

m
Ba

al
St

Ce

in
Blok M – Kota Line

rm
Te
Blok M

101
102
103
 BUS STATION DESIGN
OT

HALTE
PS.PEDONGKELAN OT
HALTE
ASMI

OT

HALTE
PULOMAS
OT HALTE
RS. MEDIROS

HALTE
GADING

TERMINAL
PULOGADUNG

400 m Catchment
Area Bus
Station

HALTE Bus Station

XXX
(halte)

Exclusive Lane
104
Mixed Traffic
 BUS STATION DESIGN
400 m Catchment
Area Bus
Station

HALTE Bus Station

XXX
(halte)

Exclusive Lane
Mixed Traffic

HALTE
CEMPAKA MAS

HALTE
YARSI
OT
HALTE
PS. CEMP. PUTIH
HALTE
PS.PEDONGKELAN OT
HALTE
LIPPO

HALTE
ASMI
OT
HALTE
RAWA SELATAN
HALTE
GALUR

105 HALTE
PULOMAS
BUS STATION DESIGN

HALTE
PETOJO
HALTE
HALTE PS.BARU
PECENONGAN HALTE
JUANDA
HALTE
HARMO
NI
HALTE
LAP.BANTENG
HALTE
ISTIQLAL

HALTE HALTE
HALTE
GAMBIR 1 ATRIUM
MONAS DEPLU
BUSWAY HALTE
CENTRAL RSPAD

HALTE
400 m Catchment GAMBIR 2 HALTE
PS. SENEN
Area Bus
Station
HALTE
HALTE
HALTE Bus Station MERD. SELATAN
KWITANG
XXX
(halte)

Exclusive Lane 106

Mixed Traffic
 TERMINAL & BUS STATION HALTE

DESIGN SUMUR BOR

TERMINAL KALIDERES
OT

OT
OT HALTE
RAWA BUAYA
HALTE
PESAKIH

400 m Catchment
Area Bus
Station

HALTE Bus Station

XXX
(halte)

Exclusive Lane 107

Mixed Traffic
 OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES

• As start point for public transport reformation in

Jakarta

• Efficient and effective

• Evidence the local government support to public

transport user.

• As education facilities for traffic discipline

• Inviting private vehicle user to use public transport

108
 (Traffic Restraints)

1. 3 in 1
2. Plate Number
3. Road Pricing
4. Etc.

109
 Mangga Dua Selatan


Kota
Kota
Traffic
Traffic Restraint
Restraint Area
Area

Gunung Sahari
Kota
Kota
Pekojan

Moh.Husni Thamrin

 Senen
Grogol
Grogol


Grogol
Grogol 
Senen
Senen

Rel Serpong-Jakarta 
Senen
Senen Salemba

 Pulo
Pulo Gadung
Gadung
Tanah
Tanah Abang
Abang 
 Pulo
Pulo Gadung
Gadung
Tanah
Tanah Abang
Abang


Petamburan Jatinegara  Rawa
Rawa Mangun
Mangun
Rawa
Rawa Mangun
Mangun

 Keterangan:

Manggarai
Manggarai
Manggarai
Manggarai
Bus Priority 2007

Bus Priority 2010

Bendungan Hilir
Jaringan MRT

 Jaringan Trayek Utama Klender
Klende
 Kampung
Kampung Melayu
Melayu
Kampung
Kampung Melayu
Melayu
Asia Afrika  Stasiun Bus
Jalan Tol

Kampung Melayu Besar 

Stasiun KA

Rasuna Said Phase I

Phase III

Blok
Blok M
M
Phase
Phase
IV
II
110

meters Blok
Blok M
M
Trunojoyo Mampang Prapatan
2. Light Rail Transit (LRT)
3. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)
Development Planning:

• LRT : Monorail (2004)

• MRT : Subway (depend on center government

preparation in finance)

111
Kab
Kab Tangerang
Tangerang Koridor Angkutan Umum Massal

Angke Duri – Bekasi

Tj.Priok
LRT 2005-2012

Sta. Kota Kab

Kab Bekasi
Bekasi
LRT/Monorail
Phase II
Kalideres

Rawa Buaya Grogol

Tangerang Senen
Pulogadung
Kota
Kota Tangerang
Tangerang
Rawamangun
LRT/Monorail Pulogebang
Phase II Manggarai

Kp.Melayu Klender
Ciledug
Fatmawati-Kota
MRT/Subway 2005-2012 Blok M
Bekasi
LRT/Monorail Kota Bekasi

Phase I
Kota
Kota Bekasi
Bekasi
Pasar Minggu
Kab Tangerang
Pondok Gede
Lebak Bulus Pinang Ranti
Kp.Rambutan-Tj.Priok
LRT 2010-2018
Rambutan

0 2.5 5
Rel PT.KAI
kilometers

112
Kab. Bogor Kota
Kota Depok
Depok Kab.
Kab. Bogor
Bogor
3 2 1
 Banjir Kanal Barat Cakung Drain
Petamburan-Kapuk Muara : 9.2 km Cakung Barat - Laut : 11.9 km

Banjir Kanal Timur

Cipinang-Laut : 23.6 km

Buaran
Cakung Barat – Duren Sawit : 4.3 km

Banjir Kanal Selatan Sodetan Ciliwung - BKT

Karet Tengsin-Cipinang Cempedak : 9.6 km Bidara Cina – Cipinang Bsr.Sel : 2.4 km

4. River Transportation System

113
Workshop of Transportation System in
GMU

Objective : to understand daily transportation system

in Gadjah Mada University
Exercise :
Each group consist of 5 -10 students
1. Find transportation problem in GMU area
2. Find type of modal which is used by student in
GMU area

114
3. Find the road which is used by motorized and
non motorized user (traffic assignment)
4. Find traffic pattern in GMU area
5. Present and discuss the result

115
116
REGIONAL TRANSPORT

Transportation and development:

• To open an area (trade follows the
ship)
• To develop an area (ship follows the
trade)

117
 Opening or development area is caused
economy activity
Economy activity will cause origin and
destination increase
More origin and destination will cause mobility
increase

There are two ways to opening or development

area especially for areas in Indonesia:
• National transportation system
• Regional transportation system
118
IX. GOODS TRANSPORTATION

Consist of:
a. Dry goods
b. Liquid
c. General goods

Good transportation characteristic:

High capacity
(example: truck, train, ship)

119
 Low speed
Loading or unloading area

Goods transportation based on the goal:

Urban goods transportation
Inter urban goods transportation
International goods transportation

120
SAFETY PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORT

1. Introduction
3 activities which is correlate with the policy of
traffic safety:
a. Activities which is correlate with traffic accident
example: seat belt, drinking and driving
b. Activities which is correlate with the policy
example: enforcement, campaign
c. Problem magnitude or nature
121
 Activity Problem Orientation

2. Approach
Indicator requirement:
a) Correlate with traffic safety
b) Can be determined easily
c) Can be calculated
d) Can be compared

Problem areas more specific

122
To determine problem areas, there are 2 approach:
a. In case of indicator number
b. In case of indicator supporting data

a+b fact, magnitude + nature

123
Indicator usage for comparison
a. Magnitude from the problem
b. Nature from the problem
c. Related time in magnitude and nature

Problem areas based on classification and

safety

124
3. Indicator
• Operational concept
• Indication comparison produce level of
accident
4. Data of Indicator
• Hospital
• Police
• DLLAJR/PU
3 indicators which is used:
a. Magnitude
b. Risk
c. Vulnerability
125
5. Decision Making Model

126
6. Problem Identification
a. Risk magnitude relation
• User type
• Age group
• User type age combination

b. Relationship between magnitude and

vulnerability
z = heavy vehicle
p = car
m = motorcycle
b = moped
f = cycle
v = pedestrian
127
128
 Background
 Streets serve many functions
 They may provide for on-street parking, circulation, or access to
properties for owners, visitors, service and emergency vehicles
 Children play there; neighbors meet and socialize there
 People use streets as an extension of their yards
 Streets are not freeways
 Residents expect their streets to be:

 safe for their children as well as themselves

 a place where people have freedom of movement
 a quiet place devoid of through traffic
 a place where vehicles travel slowly, sharing the space with
pedestrians and bicyclists
The term traffic calming is a translation of
the German word verkehrsberuhigung which
was associated during the 1970s with a
planning philosophy that residential
neighborhoods should be designed to give
preference to residents rather than to the
automobile
The concepts of livable communities and
neotraditional urban design are often used as
the larger context for this objective
Traffic calming strategies can encompass a
wide variety of options that include
simple traffic control actions,
actions such as the use
of stop signs, striping and turning restrictions,
automobile-free zones including pedestrian
and transit malls, as well as regulatory
policies, enforcement strategies, parking
regulations, and community design principles
ITE defines traffic calming in a more restricted
sense as
“The combination of mainly physical
measures that reduce the negative
effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver
behavior and improve conditions for
non-motorized street users”
Improve
Improve safety
safety for
for people,
people,
especially
especially children,
children, byby controlling
controlling
conflict
conflict points,
points, reducing
reducing vehicle
vehicle
speeds
speeds and
and vehicle
vehicle volumes
volumes

Improve
Improve the
the physical
physical environment
environment
by
by lowering
lowering vehicle
vehicle generated
generated
noise,
noise, pollution,
pollution, and
and disruption
disruption

Create
Create aa green
green and
and inviting
inviting
streetscape
streetscape
In
In Europe
Europe and
and Australia,
Australia, traffic
traffic calming
calming techniques
techniques began
began in
in
1970
1970 and
and are
are now
now into
into their
their second
second and
and third
third generation
generation

Their
Their effectiveness
effectiveness hashas been
been proven
proven and
and many
many now
now appear
appear to
to
be
be part
part of
of the
the original
original street
street design
design rather
rather than
than an
an
afterthought
afterthought

To
To reach
reach this
this position,
position, there
there was
was strong
strong desire
desire to
to change
change the
the
balance,
balance, toto experiment,
experiment, to to learn
learn from
from others,
others, and
and to
to do
do the
the
“right thing”
“right thing” for
for all
all people
people

Since
Since each
each location
location has
has its
its own
own problems
problems and and needs,
needs, new
new and
and
improved
improved devices
devices were,
were, and
and are
are still,
still, being
being developed
developed
 The range is expanding and is only limited by our
imagination
 Three simple techniques can prevent the need for
retrofitting of traffic calming devices:

Construct mixed developments services by a fine-

grained road network of narrow streets
Keep the streets to less than 0.5 km (quarter mile)
so drivers have no incentive to speed
Make most roads intersect at Tee intersections or
control four-way intersections with roundabouts.
This will reduce the number of potential conflicts
 20 Cross Conflicting
Points

( A ) จ ุด ข ดั แ ย ง้ 2 0 จ ุด

Only ( B5) จ ุดConflicting

ข ดั แ ย ง้ 5 จ ุด Only 1 Conflicting
( C ) จ ุด ข ดั แ ย ง้ 1 จ ุด Point

Points
No. of Conflicting Points after convert to ONE-WAY
Local Street

Mid Block Closure

Squeeze Points

One Lane with Passing Bay

Treatment away from Intersection

Local Street

One Lane with Indented Parking Bays

Road Humps

Curved Pavement

Treatment away from Intersection

 Full Closure
Half Closure

Selected
Diagonal Diverter
Movements Only

Selected
Pavement Narrowing Movements Only

Treatment at Intersection
 Roundabout Islands

Distinctive Closed Median

Paving Opening

Treatment at Intersection
 Chokers /
Semi-Diverters Narrowings

Treatment at Intersection
 Cul-de-sac /
Diagonal-Diverters Full Closure

Treatment at Intersection
Alignment of the approach and design of corner
radii can encourage left-turn-only movements and
discourage undesirable right turns.

Treatment at driveways
Raised traffic islands can block through movements
or undesirable turning movements without
hindering other intersection movements.

Treatment at driveways
Raised medians block right turns to and from minor
streets or driveways. Such treatment may be
appropriate at locations where right turns are
dangerous or cause congestion.

Treatment at driveways
Placement of median channelization and design of
corner radii can effectively discourage dangerous
wrong way movements onto freeway ramps
without hindering other intended movements.

Treatment at driveways
Conventional and Modified Local Streets
Traffic Circles
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
Roundabouts
 Roundabouts

Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon

Seoul National University

Before After(May 2004)

Chicane
Chicane
Chicane
Chicane
Chicane
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
Land Narrowing / Chokers
 Example
of
Case Study
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon
Seoul National University
 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Relationship between transportation

environment and energy
• Transport need energy
• Transport produce pollution

170
 171
Relationship between transportation environment and energy
 HUMAN RESOURCES

Role of human resources in transportation

area:
Very essential to understand
transportation system in existing condition
Human Source can be divided into:
• Operational as operator
• Planning/designing as planner

172
Role of Transport institution

Institution – private sector - operator

Institution – government - planner, designer
regulator

173
174
 Human Resources based on Education Level
Education Level Bappeda DPU DTK DLLAJR

1. Master/ S2 - - 1 -
2. Sarjana/S1 22 4 10 5
3. Diploma/D3 9 4 4 6
4. SMA/Senior High 19 26 42 38
School
5. SMP/Junior High 1 9 - 4
School
6. SD/Elementary 5 6 1 11
School
Total 56 49 58 64175
 Human Resources base on Management
Educational Level Bappeda DPU DTK DLLAJR
1. Senior management 2 1 1 1
2. Middle management 4 3 5 0
3. Junior management 18 0 13 4
4. Technician 8 41 32 53
5. Non technical 24 7 7 6
6. Other staff 0 0 0 0
Total 56 52 58 64

176
 RULES AND REGULATION IN
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
To regulate system of transportation
Straightening of law is needed to keep the rules
Minister Decision is needed to apply the rules
• Speed limit
• Rule of turn moving
Example:
• Traffic rule (UUD Lalulintas)
• Train rule (UUD Kereta Api)
• etc. 177
 TRAFFIC DISCIPLINE WORKSHOP

Objective: to make discipline culture

to reduce traffic accident
Exercise:
Each group consist of 5 – 10 students
Student task:
1. Explain about traffic accident background
2. Understand about traffic discipline

178
3. Determine accident area in Yogyakarta
4. Present and discuss the problem
5. Solve the problem

179
180
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon
Seoul National University
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon
Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University
Seoul National University
 AFTER
AFTER

BEFORE
BEFORE

Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon

Seoul National University
Thank you

184