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This presentation is an outline derived from the following article:
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Stem Cells
Derived from Dental
Tissues
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC’s)
Sources:
Bone Marrow (Friedenstein et al, 1976; Caplan, 1991;
Prockop, 1997; Pittenger et al, 1999; Gronthos et al, 2003)
Adipose Tissue/Umbilical Cord (Mareschi et al, 2001; Zuk
et al, 2001)
Lineages:
Osteogenic
Chondrogenic
Adipogenic
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Myogenic
Neurogenic
Tenogenic
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Dental Tissue MSC’s
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Dental Stem Cell
Lineages
Osteo/Odontogenic
Adipogenic
Neurogenic
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BMMSC’s
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Isolation of Dental Pulp
Stem Cells
Enzymatically isolated and seeded onto dentin
to promote “Odontoblast-like” cells.
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Ectopic Formation of Dentin-Pulp-
like Complex
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SCAP ( Apical Papilla SC’s)
Odontogenic differentiation
Adipogenic differentiation
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DPSC’s vs.
SCAP
Apical papilla is a precursor to radicular pulp
Earlier line of stem/progenator cells (SCAP)
SCAP’s superior source of stem cells
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PDLSC’s (periodontal
ligament sc’s)
Form cementoblasts and osteoblasts
Homeostasis and regeneration of perio
tissues
Cementum-PDL structure unique from
BMMSC’s and DPSC’s
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DFPC’s (Dental Follicle
Precursor Cells)
Periodontium, cementum, PDL, alveolar bone
precursors
Source: impacted third molars
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Dental MSC’s vs. BMMSC’s
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MSC Homing
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Immunomodulation of MSC’s
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Dental MSC-Based
Therapy for Regenerative
Medicine
SCAP and PDLSC’s for Bio-root Engineering
Single cells from dog tooth buds at the bell stage
seeded onto scaffolds and transplanted back into
sockets resulted in some dentin structure
regeneration with no enamel or root formation
(Honda et al., 2006)
Kuo et al., 2007 used pigs, expanded ex vivo
expansion of bud cells from bell stage and
observed some root structures along with
periodontium. www.rxdentistry.net
Obstacles to Tooth
Regeneration
Abnormal (small) tooth size
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Regeneration of Perio Defects with
PDLSC’s
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Pulp Tissue
Engineering/Regeneration
Early attempts (Myers and Fountain, 1974) allowed a
blood clot to form in the canal but only connective tissue
formed.
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Modern Pulp Regeneration
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The Future:
Need to understand the interactions between stem cells and the immune
system. Allogenic dental MSC’s may suppress recipient host short and long
term immunorejection.
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