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Are designed and constructed to

create a barrier between the waste
and the environment and to drain the
leachate to collection and treatment
facilities. This is done to prevent the
uncontrolled release of leachate into
the environment.
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V
  are fabric like material

made from polymers such as polyster,
polyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinyl
chloride(PVC), nylon,chlorinated polyethylene,
and others.
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V

Ú. Geotextile
2. Geomembrane
3. Geonets
4. Georids
5. Geocomposites
V
 

V
 
£ Are textile in the traditional sense;
However, the fabrics areusually mane from
petroleum products such as polyster,
polyethylene, and polypropylene.
V
   

Ú. Woven
2. Knitted
3. Nonwoven


V
 

Are made of two sets of parallel filaments or

strands of yarn systematically interlaced to
form a planar structure.
Ñ
V
 

Are formed by interlocking a series of loopsof

one or more filaments or short fiber
arranged in an oriented or a random
patternin planar structure.




V
 

Are formed from filaments or short fibers

arranged in an oriented or a random pattern
in a planar structure.
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Ú
 

 è y glue, rubber,
latex, cellulose derivative.
¢

 è y heat, for
partial melting of filaments.
3.  
 è y needle
punching.
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D |  è The fabrics can rapidly
channel water from soil to various outlets.
D Y
 
 è When placed between two
soil layers, one coarse grained and the
other fine grained, the fabric allows free
see page of water from one layer to the
other.
D ?  
 è Geotextile help keep
various soil layers separate after
construction for example, in the
construction of highways, a clayey
subgrade can be kept separate from a
granular base coarse.
D § 
   è The tensile strength
of geotextile increases the load è bearing
capacity of the soil.



 
D ps generally expressed in terms of a quantity
called permittivity,
P = kn
t
Where
P = Permittivity, se¯¹ or min΋¹.
kn = Hydraulic conductivity for cross£
plane flow, cm/sec of ft/min.
t = Thickness of the Geotextile.




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D Can thus be expressed in terms of a quantity
called transmissivity, which is expressed as,
T = kpt

Where
T = Transmissivity, m³/sec or ft³/sec.
kp = Hydraulic conductivity for in£plane
flow, cm/sec of ft/min.





V
 


   


 

ë
D Hydraulic conductivity, kn; Ú x Ú
¯³ to 2£5 x
Ú
¯¹ cm/sec.
D Permittivity, P: 2 x Ú
¯² to 2 è
sec¯¹.
D Hydraulic conductivity, kp;
Non Woven: Ú x Ú
¯³ to 5x Ú
¯³ cm/sec. m
Woven: 2 x Ú
¯³ to 4 x Ú
¯³ cm/sec. m


V
    £ Are impermeable liquid

or vapor barriers made primarily from
continuous polymeric sheets that are
flexible.
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D ë 

 

  è pnclude
PYC, polyethylene, chlorinated
polyethylene, and polyamide.
D ë 
  

  è pnclude
ethylene vinyl acetate, polychloroprene,
and also preneisobutylene.



  
  

    




 



  
  



D |ensity
D Mass per unit area
D Water vapor transmission capacity
D Tensile behavior
D Tear resistance
D Resistance impact
D Puncture resistance
D Stress cracking
D Chemical resistance
D Ultraviolet light resistance
D Thermal properties
D ehavior of seams
ë
 
 
D Êap Seam with Adhesive
D Êap Seam with Gumtape
D Tongue£and£Groove Splice
D Extrusion Weld Êap Seam
D Fillet Weld Êap Seam
D |ouble Hot Air or Wedge Seam
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D A solvent adhesive is used for this type of

seam. After application of the solvent, the
two sheets of geomembrane are
overlapped, then roller pressure is applied.
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D This type of seam is used mostly in dense

thermo soft material such as isoprene
isobutylene.
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D A schematic diagram of the tongue£and£

groove splice. The tape used for the splice
are double sided.
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D Extrusion of posion welding is done on

geomembranes made from polyethylene.
A ribbon of molten polymer is extruding
between the two surfaces to be joined.
Ê
 

D This seam is similar to an extrusion weld

lap seam, however, for fillet welding, the
extrudate is placed over the edge of the
seam.


 
   

D p 
     Hot air is blown to

melt the two opposing surfaces. For
melting, the temperature should rise to
about 5

F or more. After the opposite
surfaces are melted,pressure is applied to
form the seam.
D Y

      An electricity
heated element like a blade is passed
between the opposing surfaces of the
geomembranes.


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V



D V
  è Are formed by the continuous

extrusion of polymeric ribs @ acute angles
to each other.
£ They have large opening in a netlike
configuration.
£ The primary fuction of geonets is
drainage.
 !"

V


  £ re designed to replace

aggregate and/or perforated
pipesubsurface drainage systems. A
geocomposite consists of a deformed
perforated, or slotted plastic core and a
geotextile (filter) fabric wrap.
Geocomposites include geonets,
pavement edge drains (drainage mats),
and sheet (wall) drained.
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D V
  Are used for soil

reinforcement in embankments and walls,
subgrade stabilization, and embankment
base reinforcement. Geogrids are
characterized by integrally connected
elements,with in£plane apertures
(openings) uniformly distributed between
the elements.
The apertures allow the soil to fill the
space between the elements,thereby
increasing soil interaction with the geogrid
and ensuring unrestricted vertical
drainage. The geogrids vary
inmanufacturing process, polymer type,
coating, density, aperture dimensions, and
tensile strength and modulus.

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